Plain inezia

Plain inezia
at Aquidauana River, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Tyrannidae
Genus:	Inezia
Species:	I. inornata
Binomial name
Inezia inornata (Salvadori, 1897)

The plain inezia, or plain tyrannulet ^[2] , (Inezia inornata) is a species of passerine bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. ^[3] It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Peru. ^[4]

Taxonomy and systematics

The plain inezia was originally described as Serpophaga inornata. ^[5] By the late twentieth century it had been moved to its present genus Inezia. ^[6]

The plain inezia is monotypic. ^[3]

Description

The plain inezia is about 9 cm (3.5 in) long and weighs 5.5 to 6 g (0.19 to 0.21 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a grayish to olive-gray crown. Their face is mostly whitish with a thin white supercilium and a thin white eye-ring. Their back and rump are grayish to olive-gray. Their wings are dusky with dull white edges on the inner flight feathers and tips of the wing coverts; the latter show as two wing bars. Their tail is dusky. Their throat is whitish and their breast and belly dingy gray with a pale yellow tinge on the lower belly and undertail coverts. They have a dark brown iris, a thin black bill with sometimes a paler base to the mandible, and gray legs and feet. ^{[7] [8] [9] [10]}

Distribution and habitat

The plain tyrannulet breeds from southern Beni Department in central Bolivia south to northern Paraguay and Salta and western Jujuy provinces in northwestern Argentina. In the non-breeding season many move north into northern Bolivia, Peru's Puno, and Madre de Dios departments and southwestern Amazonian Brazil. In the breeding season it inhabits deciduous and semi-deciduous woodlands and the drier Gran Chaco. In the non-breeding season it mostly occurs in shrubby early successional vegetation along rivers and other watercourses. In elevation it ranges from near sea level to 700 m (2,300 ft). ^{[7] [8] [9] [10]}

Behavior

Movement

As noted above, the plain tyrannulet is a partial migrant, with individuals moving between the southern parts of its range into Peru and Brazil after the breeding season. ^{[7] [8] [9]}

Feeding

The plain inezia feeds on arthropods and probably also small fruits. It typically forages alone or in pairs and occasionally joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It takes prey and fruits from foliage and twigs mostly by gleaning while perched and also by briefly hovering after a short flight. ^[7]

Breeding

The plain inezia's breeding season has not been defined but appears to include November in Bolivia. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology. ^[7]

Songs and calls Listen to the plain inezia on xeno-canto

Vocalization

The plain inezia's song is a "somewhat musical series of thin whistles with [an] emphatic introductory note, 'psee-tee-ee-ee-ee' ". ^[7]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the plain inezia as being of Least Concern. It has a large range; its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. ^[1] It is thought to be generally uncommon and is considered rare in Peru. ^{[7] [9]} It occurs in several protected areas across its range. ^[7]

References

1. BirdLife International (2016). "Plain Tyrannulet Inezia inornata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22699350A93728140. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22699350A93728140.en . Retrieved 10 January 2025.
2. Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2024. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2024. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved 23 October 2024
3. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Tyrant flycatchers". IOC World Bird List. v 14.2. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
4. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 18 November 2024. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved November 26, 2024
5. Salvadori, Tommaso (1897). "Uccelli". Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della R. Università di Torino (in Italian). XII (292): 13–14. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
6. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 18 November 2024. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved 26 November 2024
7. Fitzpatrick, J. W. (2020). Plain Tyrannulet (Inezia inornata), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.platyr1.01 retrieved January 10, 2025
8. van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 302–303. ISBN   978-0-19-530155-7.
9. Schulenberg, T.S.; Stotz, D.F.; Lane, D.F.; O'Neill, J.P.; Parker, T.A. III (2010). Birds of Peru. Princeton Field Guides (revised and updated ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 416. ISBN   978-0691130231.
10. de la Peña, Martín R.; Rumboll, Maurice (2001). Birds of Southern South America and Antarctica. Princeton Illustrated Checklists. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. Plate 71, map 71.1. ISBN   0691090351.