Plover Cove Reservoir | |
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Location | New Territories, Hong Kong |
Coordinates | 22°28′15″N114°15′10″E / 22.47083°N 114.25278°E |
Type | coastal reservoir |
Managing agency | Water Supplies Department |
Water volume | 230,000,000 cubic metres (8.1×109 cu ft) |
Plover Cove Reservoir | |||||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 船灣淡水湖 | ||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 船湾淡水湖 | ||||||||||||
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Plover Cove Reservoir,located within Plover Cove Country Park,in the northeastern New Territories,is the largest reservoir in Hong Kong in terms of area,and the second-largest in terms of volume. [1] It is the world's first freshwater coastal lake constructed from an arm of the ocean. Its main dam,which disconnected Plover Cove from the sea,was one of the largest in the world at the time of its construction.
Hong Kong lacks significant natural inland water bodies,and providing water supply to the territory's population has long been fraught with problems. On 24 July 1958,an official spokesman stated that government engineers were studying the idea of converting sea inlets into freshwater lakes,and cited Plover Cove as one of the foremost areas under consideration. The plan was considered feasible as the cove was mostly enclosed on three sides,and could be fully cut off from the sea by damming sections of the Tolo Harbour known to be very shallow. [2]
The government hired the engineering consultancy Binnie,Deacon and Gourley to undertake a preliminary investigation. In mid-1959 the engineers delivered a report confirming the feasibility of the plan and laying out the basic arrangement of the proposed dams. They estimated that construction would cost about HK$348 million,plus approximately $60 million for the associated water distribution network. [3]
One main dam and three service dams were built to shut the cove off from the sea. The cove was then drained and converted into a freshwater lake.
Construction work commenced in 1960 and was completed in 1968,providing a capacity of 170 million m3. Work on raising the height of the dams began in 1970. Upon completion in 1973,the reservoir capacity was increased to 230 million m3. [4]
The dam of the reservoir is 28 metres tall [1] and approximately 2 km long. [4] Besides rain from its catchment,it also stores water imported by pipes from the East River in China. The Bride's Pool flows into the Plover Cove Reservoir.
The creation of the Plover Cove Reservoir necessitated the displacement of the inhabitants of a number of Hakka villages which were submerged by the reservoir. The Hakka villagers were compensated by the Hong Kong British colonial government with apartments and shop units along Kwong Fuk Road in Tai Po known as "Luk Heung San Tsuen" (Chinese :六鄉新村;lit.'new village for six villages') which were built for their resettlement there.
Fisherman who used to live at the original Sam Mun Tsai site,close to Tai Kau of Luk Heung,now at the northeastern shore of Reservoir,were relocated to Sam Mun Tsai New Village on the island of Yim Tin Tsai in 1966. At the time,36 families were moved to housing on land. [5]
Plover Cove Reservoir supports a diverse wildlife,including many freshwater fish species. [1] Tai Mei Tuk at the northwestern end of the main dam is a popular barbecue site in Hong Kong.
Tai Po District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. The suburban district covers the areas of Tai Po New Town,Tai Po Tau,Tai Po Kau,Hong Lok Yuen,Ting Kok,Plover Cove,Lam Tsuen Valley,Tai Mei Tuk and other surrounding areas,and its exclaves Sai Kung North,in the northern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula and including islands such as Grass Island,and Ping Chau. Tai Po proper and Sai Kung North are divided by the Tolo Channel and the Tolo Harbour. The district is located in the Eastern New Territories. The de facto administrative centre of the district is Tai Po New Town.
Sai Kung District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. The district comprises the southern half of the Sai Kung Peninsula,the Clear Water Bay Peninsula in the New Territories and a strip of land to the east of Kowloon. Areas in the district include Sai Kung Town,Hong Kong UNESCO Global Geopark,Tseung Kwan O and over 70 islands of different sizes. The administrative centre had been located in Sai Kung Town until the Sai Kung District Office was relocated to Tseung Kwan O recently. The district's population is concentrated in Tseung Kwan O,as of 2011. In 2011,the district was the third youngest district,with a median age of 39.3. Known as the "back garden of Hong Kong",Sai Kung has been able to retain its natural scenery. Many traditional customs and cultures are still retained in the rural villages.
Most of the walled villages of Hong Kong are located in the New Territories.
The Sai Kung Peninsula is a peninsula in the easternmost part of the New Territories in Hong Kong. Its name comes from Sai Kung Town in the central southern area of the peninsula. The southern part of the peninsula is administered by Sai Kung District,the north by Tai Po District and the northwest by Sha Tin District.
Tolo Harbour,or Tai Po Hoi is a sheltered harbour in northeast New Territories of Hong Kong.
Water supply and sanitation in Hong Kong is characterized by water import,reservoirs,and treatment infrastructure. Though multiple measures were made throughout its history,providing an adequate water supply for Hong Kong has met with numerous challenges because the region has few natural lakes and rivers,inadequate groundwater sources,a high population density,and extreme seasonable variations in rainfall. Thus nearly 80 percent of water demand is met by importing water from mainland China,based on a longstanding contract. In addition,freshwater demand is curtailed by the use of seawater for toilet flushing,using a separate distribution system. Hong Kong also uses reservoirs and water treatment plants to maintain its source of clean water.
Plover Cove also known for its Chinese names Shuen Wan Hoi or Shuen Wan (船灣),is a cove in the Tai Po District of Hong Kong,near Tolo Channel and Tolo Harbour.
The MacLehose Trail is a 100-kilometre hiking trail that crosses much of the New Territories,Hong Kong,starting from Pak Tam Chung,Sai Kung District in the east to Tuen Mun Town,Tuen Mun District in the west. The path is marked by distance posts at 500-metre intervals. The trail is named after Murray MacLehose,Baron MacLehose of Beoch,the longest-serving governor of Hong Kong,who established the Country Parks and was himself an enthusiastic hiker. The trail passes through a variety of natural scenery including beaches and mountains.
Tai Po New Town,or Tai Po Town,is a new town and non-administrative area in Tai Po District,in the New Territories,Hong Kong. The area is a planned town that surrounding the existing indigenous market towns Tai Po Hui and Tai Po Kau Hui,as well as east of the existing indigenous villages that located on the Lam Tsuen Valley as well as west of those villages in Ting Kok and Tai Mei Tuk and south of those villages in Nam Hang,Fung Yuen and Sha Lo Tung. Most of the lands of the new town were obtained by land reclamation. In present day,Tai Po New Town was simply known as Tai Po. The new town are largely covered by the government Tai Po Outline Zoning Plan,which legally regulated the land use of the area,on top of the terms in the land lease contract with the government. Some of the land lease within the area,were known as Tai Po Town Lot №foo. In election,the town had a different zoning scheme for the election constituencies.
Shek Pik Reservoir is a reservoir in Shek Pik on Lantau Island in Hong Kong. Built between 1957 and 1963,it has a storage capacity of 24 million cubic metres and is the third largest reservoir in Hong Kong after High Island Reservoir and Plover Cove Reservoir.
Yim Tin Tsai is an island of Hong Kong located in Tolo Harbour.
Sam Mun Tsai is an area and a village in Yim Tin Tsai,Tai Po District,Hong Kong.
Lau Shui Heung Reservoir,built in 1968 as part of the Plover Cove Reservoir engineering programme,is a reservoir located within the boundary of Pat Sin Leng Country Park in the eastern part of North District,New Territories,Hong Kong,located at the northeast area of Bird's Hill,at the northeast end of Sheung Shui-Fanling Plain. It covers an area of 3.5 hectares and a water storage capacity of 170,000 m3. It is responsible for collecting water from the northwestern part of Pat Sin Leng and supplying it to the Plover Cove Reservoir through a water conveyance tunnel,while Lau Shui Heung Reservoir is an irrigation reservoir used to irrigate nearby farmland. The Lau Shui Heung Country Trail passes through the reservoir. The main concrete dam is 24 m high and 54.9 m long,the secondary dam is 7.3 m high and 39 m long and the scale of the reservoir is small. The reservoir is the main source of Kwan Tei River,and the water from the reservoir flows into Kwan Tei and then the Ng Tung River.
Several fishermen villages were established in Hong Kong to house fishermen families.