Polygonum ramosissimum

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Bushy knotweed
Polygonum ramosissimum 5905577.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Polygonaceae
Genus: Polygonum
Species:
P. ramosissimum
Binomial name
Polygonum ramosissimum
Michx. 1803
Synonyms [1]
Synonymy
  • Cnopos ramosissimum(Michx.) Raf.
  • Polygonum atlanticum(B.L. Rob.) E.P. Bicknell
  • Polygonum exsertumSmall
  • Polygonum interiorBrenckle
  • Polygonum latumSmall ex Rydb.
  • Polygonum leptocarpumB.L. Rob.
  • Polygonum stevensiiBrenckle
  • Polygonum triangulumE.P. Bicknell ex Small
  • Polygonum autumnaleBrenckle
  • Polygonum prolificum(Small) B.L. Rob.

Polygonum ramosissimum is a North American species of herbaceous annual plants in the buckwheat family, [2] widespread across much of Canada and the United States, where it is commonly called bushy knotweed. [3] It is susceptible to downy mildew caused by the oomycete species Peronospora americana . [4]

Contents

Description

Polygonum ramosissimum has erect stems growing 30 to 100 cm (12 to 39.5 in) (sometimes to 200 cm or 80 inches) tall, with yellowish-green to blue-green foliage. The stems are freely branched with closed flowers produced in groups of (1) 2 to 3(5) flowers in the upper ocreae of racemes that are up to 15 cm (6 in) long, the inflorescences are spike-like. The greenish-yellow, rarely pink or white marked flowers, are on pedicels that are longer than the calyx. The calyx is around 3 mm (0.12 in) long and 5-parted with the outer three sepals longer than the inner sepals. The seeds are produced in fruits called achenes, which are egg-shaped, dark brown and around 3 mm (0.12 in) long. The achenes also have a smooth shiny surface. The late season achenes are larger, from 4 to 15 mm long. [5] [6]

Subspecies [1] [6]

There are a number of forms and two subspecies, that vary in flower and foliage coloration. Polygonum ramosissimum has great morphological variability, [6] which is notable on the same plant, between flowers and fruits produced early in the blooming season verses those produced late in the season, plants also show great variation over geographical areas. The following names are widely recognized.

In Maryland, the species is listed as endangered or extirpated from the state, in Pennsylvania it has been exterminated from the state, and New Hampshire lists it as threatened. [2]

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<i>Polygonum erectum</i> Species of flowering plant

Polygonum erectum, commonly called erect knotweed, is a North American species of herbaceous plant in the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae). It is found primarily in the northeastern and north-central parts of the United States, but with scattered populations in other parts of the US and also in Canada.

<i>Argyranthemum frutescens</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Persicaria chinensis</i> Species of plant

Persicaria chinensis, commonly known as creeping smartweed or Chinese knotweed, is a plant species from the family Polygonaceae. It is widespread across China, Japan, the Indian Subcontinent, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam. It is a common plant in Malaysia and Vietnam, where it is used in herbal remedies, such as for the treatment of dysentery, enteritis, and sore throat. It is a weed in some coastal areas of New South Wales and Queensland in Australia.

<i>Persicaria amphibia</i> Species of plant

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<i>Fallopia baldschuanica</i> Species of flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae

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<i>Polygonum douglasii</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Persicaria punctata</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Bistorta bistortoides</i> Species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family Polygonaceae

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<i>Clematis fremontii</i> Species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae

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<i>Polygonum oxyspermum</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Polygonum tenue</i> Species of flowering plant

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Polygonum utahense, the Utah knotweed, is an unresolved name for a putative North American species of plants in the buckwheat family. It has been found only in the States of Utah and Arizona in the southwestern United States.

<i>Digitalis mariana</i> Flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae

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References

  1. 1 2 The Plant List, Polygonum ramosissimum Michx.
  2. 1 2 Polygonum ramosissimum United States Department of Agriculture plants profile, retrieved 14 July 2008
  3. Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
  4. Constantinescu, O. (1991). "An annotated list of Peronospora names". Thunbergia. 15.
  5. Gleason, A., Henry (1963). The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden by Hafner Pub. Co. pp. 72–84. LCCN   63016478.
  6. 1 2 3 Flora of North America, Polygonum ramosissimum Michaux, 1803. Bushy knotweed