| Pomadasys kaakan | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Haemulidae |
| Genus: | Pomadasys |
| Species: | P. kaakan |
| Binomial name | |
| Pomadasys kaakan (Cuvier, 1830) | |
| Synonyms [2] | |
| |
Pomadasys kaakan, the javelin grunter or barred javelin is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans, from Africa to Australia.
Pomadasys kaakan has a blunt head which has a convex upper profile and a small mouth which has brushlike bands of teeth on its jaws. There are two pores and a central pit on the chin. The juveniles are bright silvery green dorsally, golden silver on the flanks and silvery white on the underparts, there are no fewer than 12 indistinct vertical bars which are made up of small dark brown spots or irregular blotches. The dorsal fin has blackish-brown spots on the basal part of its spiny portion and there are three rows of spots on the soft-rayed part which has a dark margin while the lower tip of the caudal fin is milky. The adults are plain golden green dorsally and silver ventrally with the bars and dorsal fin spots being indistinct or absent. [3] The dorsal fin has 12 spines and 13-15 soft rays, while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 7 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of 80 cm (31 in), although 50 cm (20 in) is more typical. [2]
Pomadasys kaakan is found in the Indo-Pacific. It ranges along the eastern coast of Africa from the Red Sea to the Eastern Cape, along the southern coast of Asia, including the Persian Gulf, to China and Taiwan and along the northern coasts of Australia from Exmouth Gulf in Western Australia to Moreton Bay in Queensland. [3] It is also found in Comoro Islands, Madagascar, the Seychelles and the Farquhar Islands. [4]
Pomadasys kaakan is found in turbid waters near the coast where the substrate consists of sand or mud to depths of 75 metres (246 ft). They will enter estuarine environments, and they may be able tolerate water with low salinity. Frequently found in and around inshore shipwrecks. [2] They are also known from coral and rocky reefs. [1] They spawn in shoals near river mouths during the winter. They are oviparous and form distinct pairs to spawn. [2] Their diet is largely crustaceans, and they are known to feed on fishes, molluscs, brittle stars, Lingula sp. and algae. [1]
Pomadasys kaakan was first formally described as Pristipoma kaakan in 1830 by the French anatomist, zoologist and naturalist Georges Cuvier (179-1832) with the type locality given jointly as Arian Coupang River, Pondicherry and Mahé in India. [5] The specific name kaakan is the local name for this species used in Pondicherry. [6] P. kaakan was considered a junior synonym of Pomadasys hasta in error. [4]
Pomadasys kaakan is an important target species for commercial fisheries throughout the Persian Gulf and it is caught with bottom trawls, bottom longline, gillnets and traps. It is taken as bycatch in shrimp fisheries in the Persian Gulf too. The catch is marketed fresh [1] or preserved by salting or smoking. [3]
The Caesar grunt, also known as the black grunt, blacktail grunt, or redmouth grunt is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt in the family Haemulidae. It is native to the western Atlantic Ocean
The bigeye snapper, also known as the bigeye seaperch, red sea lined snapper, golden striped snapper, rosy snapper, yellow snapper, or simply snapper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae. It is native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. It is the type species of the genus Lutjanus.
The Indian Ocean oriental sweetlips, also known as the oriental sweetlips or oriental blubberlips, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, the grunts. It is native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.
Plectorhinchus albovittatus, the two-striped sweetlips or giant sweetlips, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, part of the grunt family Haemulidae. It is native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.
Haemulon flavolineatum, the French grunt, banana grunt, gold laced grunt, open-mouthed grunt, redmouth grunt, or yellow grunt, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is native to the western Atlantic Ocean.
Pomadasys commersonnii, the smallspotted grunter, is a species of ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is native to the brackish and marine waters of the western Indian Ocean.
Genyatremus luteus, the Torroto grunt, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae of the family Haemulidae. It is native to the Atlantic coast of South America from Colombia to Brazil.
The dara is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is native to the Atlantic coast of Africa. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Parakuhlia.
Haemulon chrysargyreum, the smallmouth grunt, bronze grunt, or yellowstripe grunt, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.
Haemulon scudderii, the grey grunt, golden-eye grunt, or mojarra grunt, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
Pomadasys maculatus, commonly known as the saddle grunt, blotched grunt or blotched javelin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is native to the Indo-West Pacific region.
Plectorhinchus gibbosus, commonly known as the Harry hotlips, black sweetlips, brown sweetlips, dusky sweetlips, gibbous sweetlips, hairy hotlips or humpback sweetlips, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, the grunts. It is native to the Western Pacific and Indian Oceans.
Lutjanus russellii, Russell's snapper, Moses snapper, fingermark bream, Moses seaperch or Russell's sea-perch, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae. It is native to the western Pacific Ocean.
Orthopristis chrysoptera, the pigfish, hogfish, piggy perch, redmouth grunt or sailor's choice, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean. This name derives from the grunting or chattering noise these fish make by rubbing their pharyngeal teeth together.
Haemulon album, the white margate, grey grunt, grunt, Margaret fish, Margaret grunt, margate, margate fish, ronco blanco, viuda, white grunt, white pogret, or yellow grunt is a species of ray-finned fish, a large grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is native to the western Atlantic Ocean.
Plectorhinchus gaterinus, commonly known as the blackspotted rubberlip or African grunt, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, the grunts. It is found in the western Indian Ocean.
Pomadasys macracanthus, the longspined grunt or Mexican gray perch, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is native to the Eastern Pacific from Mexico to Ecuador.
Conodon nobilis, the barred grunt, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is found in the Western Atlantic Ocean where it is a target species for some commercial fisheries.
Pomadasys argenteus, the silver grunt, silver javelin, grunter bream, small-spotted grunter-bream, small-spotted javelin fish, trumpeter or white-finned javelin fish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt from the family Haemulidae. This species has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution. It is the type species of the genus Pomadasys.
The African striped grunt is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sweetlips belonging to the subfamily Plectorhinchinae, one of two subfamilies in the family Haemulidae, the grunts. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean.
