Haemulidae

This article is about a family of fishes. For other uses of Grunt, see Grunt (disambiguation).

Grunts Temporal range: Lutetian to present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Haemulon album
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Acanthuriformes
Family:	Haemulidae T. N. Gill, 1885 [1]
Subfamilies [2]
Haemulinae Gill, 1885 Plectorhynchinae Jordan & Thompson 1912
Synonyms [1] [3]
Pomadasyidae Regan, 1913 Inermiidae Jordan, 1923

Haemulidae is a family of fishes in the order Acanthuriformes known commonly as grunts. It is made up of the two subfamilies Haemulinae (grunts) and Plectorhynchinae (sweetlips), which contain about 133 species in 19 genera around the world. ^[4] These fishes are commonly found in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions, inhabiting marine, brackish, and sometimes fresh waters.

The family shows many feeding adaptations from bottom-feeding predation to water-column planktivory and is named for the ability of Haemulinae to produce sounds by grinding their pharyngeal teeth. ^[5] Some species engage in mutualistic relationships with cleaner gobies of the genus Elacatinus , allowing them to feed on ectoparasites on their bodies. ^[6]

Subfamilies and genera

The family Haemulidae is divided into the following subfamilies and genera: ^{[3] [7]}

• Haemulinae
  • Anisotremus Gill 1861
  • Boridia Cuvier, 1830
  • Brachydeuterus Gill, 1862
  • Brachygenys Poey, 1868
  • Conodon Cuvier, 1830
  • Emmelichthyops Schultz, 1945
  • Haemulon Cuvier, 1829
  • Haemulopsis Steindachner, 1869
  • Isacia Jordan & Fesler, 1893
  • Microlepidotus Gill, 1862
  • Orthopristis Girard, 1858
  • Parakuhlia Pellegrin, 1913
  • Paranisotremus Tavera, Acero & Wainwright, 2018
  • Pomadasys Lacépède, 1802
  • Rhencus Jordan & Evermann, 1896
  • Rhonciscus Jordan & Evermann, 1896
  • Xenichthys Gill, 1862
• Plectorhynchinae
  • Diagramma Oken, 1817
  • Genyatremus Gill, 1862
  • Parapristipoma Bleeker, 1873
  • Plectorhinchus Lacépède, 1802

One of the earliest known fossil grunts is † Pomadasys sadeki (Joleaud & Cuvillier, 1933) (formerly placed in its own genus, Kemtichthys) from the Middle Eocene-aged Mokattam Formation of Egypt. ^{[8] [9]}

See also

• List of fish families

Notes

1. Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230.
2. José Julián Tavera; P. Arturo Acero; Eduardo F Balart; Giacomo Bernardi (2012). "Molecular phylogeny of grunts (Teleostei, Haemulidae), with an emphasis on the ecology, evolution, and speciation history of New World species". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12 (57): 57. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-57 . PMC   3472276 . PMID   22537107.
3. J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. p. 457. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
4. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Haemulidae". FishBase . March 2006 version.
5. Johnson, G.D.; Gill, A.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 184. ISBN   978-0-12-547665-2.
6. Sazima, I.; et al. (September 2000). "Daily cleaning activity and diversity of clients of the barber goby, Elacatinus figaro, on rocky reefs in southeastern Brazil". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 59 (1): 69–77. doi:10.1023/a:1007655819374.
7. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Haemulidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 19 March 2021.
8. Joleaud, Léonce; Cuvillier, Jean (1933). "Kemtichthys Sadeki. Nouveau percoïde fossile d'Egypte". Bulletin de l’institut d’Égypte. 16 (1): 93–98. doi:10.3406/bie.1933.3300.
9. White, Errol Ivor (1936-07-01). "V.—On certain Eocene percoid fishes". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 18 (103): 43–54. doi:10.1080/00222933608655173. ISSN   0374-5481.

References

• Sepkoski, J. (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Retrieved 2011-05-19.