| Porpidia flavicunda | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecideales |
| Family: | Lecideaceae |
| Genus: | Porpidia |
| Species: | P. flavicunda |
| Binomial name | |
| Porpidia flavicunda (Ach.) Gowan (1989) | |
Porpidia flavicunda is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. [1]
The species was described in 1810 by Erik Acharius as Lecidea flavicunda. Since then it has been reclassified a number of times, even at genus level, having, at one time or another, been placed in the genera Lecidea , Huilia , Biatora , Haplocarpon , Lichen and its current genus, Porpidia .
The species taxonomy was last revised in 1989, when it obtained its current species name, Porpidia flavicunda. [2]
Porpidia flavicunda has a circumpolar arctic and boreal distribution. There are indications P. flavicunda populations frequently spread their propagules to other populations, even on different continents, resulting in low amounts of genetic drift in isolated populations and a higher than expected genetic uniformity between continents. [3]
Porpidia flavicunda is among the most common and widely seen lichens in Iceland where it grows on rocks. [4]
Parmelia is a genus of medium to large foliose lichens. It has a global distribution, extending from the Arctic to the Antarctic continent but concentrated in temperate regions. There are about 40 species in Parmelia. In recent decades, the once large genus Parmelia has been divided into a number of smaller genera according to thallus morphology and phylogenetic relatedness.
Erioderma pedicellatum is a medium-sized, foliose lichen in the family Pannariaceae, commonly called the boreal felt lichen. It grows on trees in damp boreal forests along the Atlantic coast in Canada, as well as in southcentral Alaska and in the Kamchatka Peninsula.
Irwin M. Brodo is an emeritus scientist at the Canadian Museum of Nature, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. He is an authority on the identification and biology of lichens. Irwin Brodo was honored in 1994 with an Acharius Medal presented to him by the International Association for Lichenology.
The flora of Western Australia comprises 10,551 published native vascular plant species and a further 1,131 unpublished species. They occur within 1,543 genera from 211 families; there are also 1,317 naturalised alien or invasive plant species more commonly known as weeds. There are an estimated 150,000 cryptogam species or nonvascular plants which include lichens, and fungi although only 1,786 species have been published, with 948 algae and 672 lichen the majority.
Calvitimela is a lichen genus in the family Tephromelataceae. Members of the family Tephromelataceae are crustose lichens with green photobionts and lecideine or lecanorine apothecia. The species in Calvitimela have lecideine apothecia, are saxicolous and are primarily found in alpine to arctic regions.
Lecidea is a genus of crustose lichens with a carbon black ring or outer margin (exciple) around the fruiting body disc (apothecium), usually found growing on (saxicolous) or in (endolithic) rock. Lichens that have such a black exciple are called lecideine, meaning "like Lecidea, even if they are not in this genus. Members of the genus are commonly called disk lichens or tile lichens.
André Aptroot is a Dutch mycologist and lichenologist.
Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the substrate, making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. The basic structure of crustose lichens consists of a cortex layer, an algal layer, and a medulla. The upper cortex layer is differentiated and is usually pigmented. The algal layer lies beneath the cortex. The medulla fastens the lichen to the substrate and is made up of fungal hyphae. The surface of crustose lichens is characterized by branching cracks that periodically close in response to climatic variations such as alternate wetting and drying regimes.
Lecidea hassei is an endolithic lichen that appears as tiny black, gray rimmed, plate-like or crinkled discs between crystals of rock in California. The main body grows inside solid rock (endolithic), and the crinkled discs above the rock surface are the sexual reproduction structures. It is endemic to California, where it only grows in the lower montane belt, including in deserts and chaparral. It occurs in Joshua Tree National Park. The sexual reproduction structures (apothecia) are black, thinly rimmed with unpigmented fungal tissue surrounding black discs in the middle, and up to 2.2 mm in diameter. They rise out of the rock in a flat to convex disc with a constricted base, giving the appearance of tiny raised plates. It grows in open areas on granite, schist, and other acidic rock. It resembles Lecidea laboriosa but produces schizopeltic acid as a metabolite, instead of 4-O-demethyl planaic acid. The name is from H.E. Hasse, who wrote the 1913 "Lichen Flora of Southern California". It is classified by the fungus as being in the Lecidea genus of the Lecideaceae fungus family. Lichen spot tests are negative on both the cortex and medulla.
Lecidea laboriosa is a species of lichen that grows inside solid rock (endolithic), with only the small black disc-like fruiting bodies (apothecia) visible above the rock surface. Unlike other members of the genus Lecidea, the apothecia are not lecideine in that they either lack black margins (exciples) or have gray vertically striated margins. It grows all over the world in all climates. It might be the most common endolithic lichen in California.
Lecanora aberrata is a relatively rare species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It is found in Australia, where it grows on bark in subtropical and tropical rainforests. It has a grey-white to creamy white thallus.
Lecanora polytropa, commonly known as the granite-speck rim lichen, is a species of saxicolous lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. A small, inconspicuous species that grows in the cracks of rock surfaces, it has a cosmopolitan distribution and has been recorded on all continents, including Antarctica.
Edvard August Vainio was a Finnish lichenologist. His early works on the lichens of Lapland, his three-volume monograph on the lichen genus Cladonia, and, in particular, his study of the classification and form and structure of lichens in Brazil, made Vainio renowned internationally in the field of lichenology.
Coppinsidea vainioana is a species of crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It occurs in Europe, where it grows on the bark of pine trees.
Gunnar Bror Fritiof Degelius was a Swedish lichenologist. Between the publications of his first and final scientific papers, Degelius had a 70-year-long research career. While he was best known for his expertise on the lichen genus Collema, he also wrote important papers on lichen biology and ecology, floristic studies of the Nordic countries and various other areas around the world, and lichen succession. Degelius described 124 new taxa, and published about 130 scientific papers. In 1992 he was one of the first to be awarded the Acharius Medal for his lifetime contributions to lichenology. Fifteen species and three genera have been named in honour of Degelius.
Cladonia deformis, also known as the lesser sulphur cup or the lesser sulphur cup lichen, is a light-coloured, fruticose, cup lichen belonging to the family Cladoniaceae. This lichen was first described as Lichen deformis by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, and transferred to the genus Cladonia in 1796 by Georg Franz Hoffmann.
Schaereria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi. It is the sole genus in the family Schaereriaceae, which itself is the only family in the Schaereriales, an order in the subclass Ostropomycetidae of the class Lecanoromycetes.
Pyxine albovirens is a species of foliose lichen in the family Caliciaceae that is found in North America and South America. It was first formally described as a species of Lecidea in 1818 by German botanist Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Meyer. André Aptroot transferred it to the genus Pyxine in 1987.
Phacopsis thallicola is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Parmeliaceae. It was first formally described as a new species in 1852 by Italian botanist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo, as Lecidea thallicola. The type specimen, collected from the province of Treviso in Italy, was growing on the foliose lichen Parmelia caperata. Dagmar Triebel and Gerhard Walter Rambold transferred the taxon to the genus Phacopsis in 1988. The known generic hosts of Phacopsis thallicola are all in the Parmeliaceae: Parmotrema, Cetrelia, Flavopunctelia, and Hypotrachyna.
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