| Porpidia macrocarpa | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecideales |
| Family: | Lecideaceae |
| Genus: | Porpidia |
| Species: | P. macrocarpa |
| Binomial name | |
| Porpidia macrocarpa | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
Porpidia macrocarpa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. [2]
It was formally described as a new species in 1805 by the Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, who originally classified it in the genus Patellaria . It has a long and extensive taxonomic history, having been shuffled to many different genera, and having been described several times under different names by different authors. [1] In 1984, Hannes Hertel and Adolf Josef Schwab transferred it to the genus Porpidia , [3] and it has largely been referred to that name since.
Porpidia macrocarpa is a crustose lichen with a variable thallus, typically appearing immersed (embedded in the substrate ) to thin and continuous, but it can sometimes be thicker and become cracked ( rimose ) or divided into small sections ( areolate ). The surface of the thallus is rough and web-like ( subarachnoid ) with a colour range from pale grey to greenish-grey. It frequently shows patches or continuous areas of orange to rust-red due to oxidation. The medulla (internal tissue) does not react to iodine (I–). The prothallus (initial growth stage) is indistinct at the margins of immersed thalli but becomes wavy, black, and somewhat distinct at the margins of more superficial thalli. [4]
The apothecia (fruiting bodies) are up to 3 mm in diameter, usually sessile (sitting directly on the thallus), abundant, and can be scattered or crowded together. They are constricted at the base with a thick, swollen true exciple (rim) that is persistent, black, shiny, and raised, ranging from entire to somewhat wavy ( flexuose ). The hyphae (filamentous fungal cells) measure 3–9 µm in diameter. The disc of the apothecia can be slightly concave to flat or convex, black or brown-black, with a matt or shiny finish, and sometimes covered with a grey powdery coating ( pruina ). Larger apothecia often appear to divide through the formation of secondary margins within the disc. The epithecium (upper layer of the hymenium) is pale brown to olive-brown, and the hymenium (spore-producing layer) measures 80–100 µm tall. The hypothecium (layer below the hymenium) and inner exciple may show a reddish tinge when treated with potassium hydroxide solution (K+). [4]
The ascospores are elongated, measuring 16–20 µm in length and 6–11.5 µm in width. The medulla reacts variably to chemical spot tests, sometimes showing a yellowish reaction with potassium hydroxide (K±) and an orange reaction with p-phenylenediamine (Pd±), indicating the presence of stictic and cryptostictic acids. [4]
Lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi that have been recorded growing on Porpidia macrocarpa include Cecidonia xenophana , Endococcus propinquus , E. rugulosus , Muellerella pygmaea , and Sclerococcum australe . [4]
Immersaria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lecideaceae. It has eight species of crustose lichens.
Pertusaria galapagoensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. Found on the Galápagos Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2015 by Elix, Yánez-Ayabaca, A.W.Archer & Bungartz. The type specimen was collected on Floreana Island at an altitude of 371 m (1,217 ft), where it was found growing on the bark of a south-exposed trunk of Cedrella odorata. The species epithet refers to its distribution.
Pertusaria albineoides is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. Found on the Galápagos Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2015 by Frank Bungartz, A.W.Archer, Alba Yánez-Ayabaca, and John Elix. The type specimen was collected on Alcedo Volcano at an altitude of 1,089 m (3,573 ft), where it was found growing on a partially shaded, rain- and wind-exposed trunk of Scalesia microcephala. The species epithet refers to the similarity to the species Pertusaria albinea, from which it differs by having thin-walled ellipsoid-shaped ascospores that are longer and narrower.
Schaereria porpidioides is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Schaereriaceae. It is found in the Falkland Islands.
Fauriea trassii is a lichen species in the family Teloschistaceae, described in 2011. It is primarily found in the Far East of Russia, particularly in the Primorsky Krai region.
Lecidea lygommella is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. It spreads up to 7 cm wide with a thin thallus varying in colour from whitish and pale grey to rusty red-brown, featuring areolate surfaces with irregularly shaped areoles. Its fruiting bodies range from slightly embedded to sitting atop the thallus and black, flat to slightly convex apothecial discs. Unlike its lookalike Lecidea lygomma, L. lygommella does not produce any secondary chemicals. It is found in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia, where it grows on rocks in alpine areas.
Caloplaca ulleungensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in South Korea, particularly on Ulleungdo and Jeju Islands.
Tetramelas gariwerdensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Physciaceae, described in 2020. It is found in the Grampian Mountains in western Victoria, Australia.
Malmidea subcinerea is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Malmideaceae. It is found in Venezuela. The lichen has a smooth, dull thallus varying in colour from grey to olive, with a white internal medulla. It has sessile, rounded apothecia with light beige to greyish-brown discs.
Buellia phillipensis is a little-known species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae, described in 2020. It is only known to occur on Phillip Island in the Southwest Pacific.
Amandinea pilbarensis is a little-known species of crustose lichen in the family Physciaceae, First described in 2020, it is found in Australia. It is similar to Amandinea polyxanthonica, but can be distinguished by its smaller ascospores and the presence of calcium oxalate and thiophanic acid in the medulla.
Pyrenodesmia micromarina is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in the Eastern Mediterranean, specifically along the coasts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara in Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. It grows on coastal rocks and occasionally concrete, often in Mediterranean scrub vegetation.
Elixjohnia jackelixii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia and New Zealand. The lichen is characterised by its unique multilayered appearance with outer sterile rings that are brownish or greenish-yellow and inner areoles that are whitish, yellowish, or greyish, often cracked to reveal the medulla underneath. Its fruiting bodies, or apothecia, are typically attached directly to the thallus and vary in colour and shape.
Caloplaca lecanorocarpa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by the lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Cáceres. It is named for its overall appearance to lichens in the Lecanora subfusca species complex.
Caloplaca himalayana is a species of lignicolous (wood-dwelling) crustose lichen belonging to the family Teloschistaceae. Found in the Himalayas of India, it was described as new to science in 2009. The lichen has a yellowish thallus with rusty red apothecial discs.
Glaucomaria carpinea is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It is a widely distributed species.
Porpidia nadvornikiana is a rare species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. It is known to occur only in two localities, in the Czech Republic and in Spain, where it grows on serpentinite, an ultramafic rock.
Lecidea toensbergii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. Described as a new species in 2018, it has been documented from several locations in Norway and a single location in Sweden, where it grows in rocky alpine environments.
Rhizocarpon grande is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Rhizocarpaceae. It occurs in Europe, North America, and South Korea.
Hafellia alisioae is a rare species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. Found in the Canary Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2003 by Javier Etayo and Bernhard Marbach. The species epithet alisioae is derived from alisios, the Spanish word for the moisture-laden Atlantic winds that blow from the northeast, bringing high humidity and rain to exposed coasts with biodiverse lichen growth. Mireia Giralt and Pieter P.G. van den Boom proposed to transfer the taxon to the genus Buellia in 2011.
