Portrait of Cornelis van der Geest | |
---|---|
Artist | Anthony van Dyck |
Year | c. 1620 |
Medium | Oil on wood |
Subject | Portrait |
Dimensions | 37.5 cm (14.8 in) × 32.5 cm (12.8 in) [1] |
Condition | Restored |
Location | National Gallery, London |
Website | National Gallery |
The Portrait of Cornelis van der Geest is a panel painting by Anthony van Dyck from about 1620. The original panel and painting were expanded by other artists. X-rays of the painting revealed the additions. Between 1620 and 1796, the provenance of the painting was not documented. The painting was also cleaned and skinned.
In 1796 the painting was thought to be an image of Flemish diplomat Gaspar Gevartius. In 1864, the painting was purchased by the National Gallery in London as a work attributed to Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens. The National Gallery later determined that it was a painting of Cornelis van der Geest by van Dyck.
Around 1620, when the portrait was executed, van Dyck was 21 years old, and the subject of the painting, Cornelis van der Geest, was 65. It is one of van Dyck's earliest works but is considered a masterpiece. Van der Geest, a wealthy spice merchant from Antwerp, was an avid art collector and commissioned the painting. [1] He was a prominent figure and patron of the arts. [2]
The painting is in the main collection of the National Gallery in London. [1] From 1620 to 1796 its ownership was unknown; the known provenance begins with its sale at an auction in 1796, when it was thought to be an image of Gaspar Gevartius. In 1798 the painting was sold to Julius Angerstein at auction, and at the same auction a copy was sold as well. When Angerstein put the painting on display in 1815 he credited it to Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens. In 1824 the painting was purchased by the National Gallery, and in 1864 they determined that the person in the image was Cornelis van der Geest and the artist was van Dyck. [3]
In 1948, the National Gallery cleaned and skinned the painting of its glazes. [lower-alpha 1] In 1950 it was cleaned again. The National Gallery is certain that the head and collar are the work of van Dyck, but they are uncertain about who painted the rest of the image. The painting is considered a "problem painting", both because the "skinning" may have harmed the original work and because of the large gap in its provenance. [3] The use of X-ray technology has shown that the original painting may have been only the head inside a simulated oval frame, without the dark background. It is also clear that parts of the white ruffled collar were executed by a later artist. More wood was added to the bottom of the original oak-wood oval, probably in the 1630s, to expand the original face-only image to a bust. The National Gallery determined that this addition was not done by van Dyck. [1]
There are many known replicas and copies of this painting by other artists, including some from the 18th and 19th centuries. [3] Two known engravings have also been created from the painting, one by British engraver George Thomas Doo in 1830 that is now stored in the Royal Academy of Arts in London, [5] the other c. 1835 by John Rogers, who titled his engraving "Gevartius"; it is in the collection of the National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C.. [6]
The oil on wood painting is 37.5 cm (14.8 in) × 32.5 cm (12.8 in). The National Gallery's description of the painting is effusive; they referred to the brushwork as "virtuosic". The artist used long brushstrokes, and thick paint in some areas. There is the appearance of glistening water in the subject's eyes which was achieved with the use of white paint. [1] The portrait includes only van der Geest's head and shoulders, which allowed the artist to concentrate on the facial features and details of the white ruffled collar. [2] The painting was executed with a single light source in front and above the subject. [7]
In Steve Holmes's book, Masterworks: Low and Surrounding Countries: Sixteenth to Eighteenth Century Old Master Paintings, Holmes focussed on the artist's skill at painting the eyes. He said Anthony van Dyck captured the eyes of his subject with an "animated brightness". [8] In the book Anthony van Dyck: A Further Study British art historian Lionel Cust describes the painting as "elaborately and carefully constructed, built up and modelled to the extreme point of academic precision". [9]
Sir Anthony van Dyck was a Flemish Baroque artist who became the leading court painter in England after success in the Spanish Netherlands and Italy.
Justus Sustermans, Joost Sustermans or Suttermans, his given name Italianised to Giusto, was a Flemish painter and draughtsman who is mainly known for his portraits. He also painted history and genre paintings, still lifes and animals.
Gonzales Coques was a Flemish painter of portraits and history paintings. Because of his artistic proximity to and emulation with Anthony van Dyck he received the nickname de kleine van Dyck. Coques was also active as an art dealer.
Cornelius Johnson or Cornelis Janssens van Ceulen was an English painter of portraits of Dutch or Flemish parentage. He was active in England, from at least 1618 to 1643, when he moved to Middelburg in the Netherlands to escape the English Civil War. Between 1646 and 1652 he lived in Amsterdam, before settling in Utrecht, where he died.
Cornelis de Vos was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and art dealer. He was one of the leading portrait painters in Antwerp and is best known for his sensitive portraits, in particular of children and families. He was also successful in other genres including history, religious and genre painting. He was a regular collaborator with Rubens.
Hendrick van Balen or Hendrick van Balen I was a Flemish Baroque painter and stained glass designer. Hendrick van Balen specialised in small cabinet pictures often painted on a copper support. His favourite themes were mythological and allegorical scenes and, to a lesser extent, religious subjects. The artist played an important role in the renewal of Flemish painting in the early 17th century and was one of the teachers of Anthony van Dyck.
This is a list of events that occurred in the year 1638 in art.
Cornelis de Wael was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant who was primarily active in Genoa in Italy. He is known for his genre paintings, battle scenes, history paintings and still lifes. Through his art work, support for Flemish painters working in Italy and role as an art dealer, he played an important role in the artistic exchange between Italy and Flanders in the first half of the 17th century. His work also had an influence on local painters such as Alessandro Magnasco, particularly through his scenes of despair and irony.
Jan van den Hoecke was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of wall tapestries. He was one of the principal assistants in Rubens' studio in the 1630s. He later traveled to Italy where he resided for a decade in Rome. He subsequently worked as a court painter in Vienna and Brussels. Jan van den Hoecke was a versatile artist who created portraits as well as history and allegorical paintings.
Adriaen Hanneman was a Dutch Golden Age painter best known for his portraits of the exiled British royal court. His style was strongly influenced by his contemporary, Anthony van Dyck.
Simon de Vos was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and art collector. He started his career making small-format cabinet pictures of genre scenes, in particular of Caravaggesque merry companies. Later he switched to history painting, working on larger formats in a Flemish Baroque style which was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck.
Flemish Baroque painting was a style of painting in the Southern Netherlands during Spanish control in the 16th and 17th centuries. The period roughly begins when the Dutch Republic was split from the Habsburg Spain regions to the south with the Spanish recapturing of Antwerp in 1585 and goes until about 1700, when Spanish Habsburg authority ended with the death of King Charles II. Antwerp, home to the prominent artists Peter Paul Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, and Jacob Jordaens, was the artistic nexus, while other notable cities include Brussels and Ghent.
Willem van Haecht was a Flemish painter best known for his pictures of art galleries and collections.
Lucas Franchoys the Younger or Lucas Franchoys II was a Flemish Baroque painter from Mechelen, who painted numerous altarpieces and portraits in a style reminiscent of Anthony van Dyck.
Marten Pepijn was a Flemish painter who was mainly known for his large-scale history paintings and to a lesser extent for his smaller genre scenes.
George Geldorp, Georg Geldorp or Jorge Geldorp was a Flemish painter who was mainly active in England where he was known for his portraits and history paintings. He was also active as an art dealer and impresario.
Cornelis van der Geest was a spice merchant from Antwerp, who used his wealth to support the Antwerp artists and to establish his art collection. He was also the dean of the haberdashers guild.
Samson and Delilah is a 1630 painting by Anthony van Dyck. Like his 1620 version of the subject, it is in the style of his former master Peter Paul Rubens. Unlike Rubens, however, van Dyck shows Delilah seemingly appalled at her own betrayal of Samson and regretting her act of treason, whereas Rubens showed him as a captive and her as an unscrupulous temptress. Van Dyck's palette in the work also reveals the influence of Titian during van Dyck's stay in Italy. It is now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.
The Self-portrait is an oil on canvas painting by the Flemish artist Anthony van Dyck. It is held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, in New York. The work depicts its creator during his early twenties.
Margaret Lemon was an English artist's model. She was the most painted female commoner of the seventeenth century, and she was the partner of Anthony van Dyck.