| Portuguese attack on the Catherine | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of English expedition to the Gambia River (1618) | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Kingdom of Portugal |  Kingdom of England | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Hector Nunez | George Thompson | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| Unknown | Catherine | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unkown number of Portuguese soldiers and castes | 1 vessel “Few left on board” [1] | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | All killed | ||||||
The Portuguese attack on the Catherine was the Portuguese attack on the English vessel, the Catherine.
Letters patent granting exclusive trading rights in the Gambia River were issued to various adventurers in 1598, 1612, and 1632, but it wasn't until 1618 that the English made their first attempt to explore the river. This expedition was led by George Thompson, with the aim of opening trade with Timbuktu. [1] [2]
Leaving his ship, the Catherine, at Gassan, Thompson proceeded with a small party in boats up the Neriko river. During his absence, the crew of the Catherine was massacred by the Portuguese. All Englishmen present at Gassan were killed in the surprise assault. [1] [2]
Some of Thompson's party managed to return overland to Cape Verde and subsequently to England. Meanwhile, Thompson remained in the Gambia with seven companions but was killed by one of them after a sudden quarrel. Another expedition under Richard Jobson was later dispatched, which seized Portuguese shipping in retaliation for the massacre. Jobson also traveled to Neriko, reporting the commercial potential of the river. However, both his and previous expeditions resulted in significant losses, leading patentees to abandon further ventures in the Gambia and refocus on the Gold Coast. [1] [2]
The 16th century began with the Julian year 1501 and ended with either the Julian or the Gregorian year 1600 (MDC), depending on the reckoning used.
The first written records of the region come from Arab traders in the 9th and 10th centuries. In medieval times, the region was dominated by the Trans-Saharan trade and was ruled by the Mali Empire. In the 16th century, the region came to be ruled by the Songhai Empire. The first Europeans to visit the Gambia River were the Portuguese in the 15th century, in 1447, who attempted to settle on the river banks, but no settlement of significant size was established. Descendants of the Portuguese settlers remained until the 18th century. In the late 16th century, English merchants attempted to begin a trade with the Gambia, reporting that it was "a river of secret trade and riches concealed by the Portuguese."
The Marias Massacre was a massacre of Piegan Blackfeet Native peoples which was committed by United States Army forces under Major Eugene Mortimer Baker as part of the Indian Wars. The massacre occurred on January 23, 1870, in Montana Territory. Approximately 200 Native people were killed, most of whom were women, children, and older men.
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Lochry's Defeat, also known as the Lochry massacre, was a battle fought on August 24, 1781, near present-day Aurora, Indiana, in the United States. The battle was part of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), which began as a conflict between Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies before spreading to the western frontier, where American Indians entered the war as British allies. The battle was short and decisive: about one hundred Indians of local tribes led by Joseph Brant, a Mohawk military leader who was temporarily in the west, ambushed a similar number of Pennsylvania militiamen led by Archibald Lochry. Brant and his men killed or captured all of the Pennsylvanians without suffering any casualties.
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