Siege of Malacca | |||||||
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Part of Acehnese–Portuguese conflicts | |||||||
Portuguese map of the city of Malacca besieged in 1568 | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Portuguese Empire Sultanate of Johor | Aceh Sultanate Kalinyamat Kingdom Ottoman Empire | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Leonis Pereira Muzaffar II of Johor | Alauddin al-Kahar | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
1,500 men [1] | 15,000 men [2] 400 Ottoman gunners [2] 300 ships [2] 200 cannons [2] | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
3 dead [3] | 4,000 dead [4] Several more wounded |
The siege of Malacca occurred in 1568, when the Sultan of Aceh Alauddin attacked the Portuguese-held city of Malacca. The city had been held by the Portuguese since its capture by Afonso de Albuquerque in 1511. [5] [6]
The offensive was the result of a pan-Islamic alliance to try to repel the Portuguese from Malacca and the coasts of India. [7] The Ottoman Empire supplied cannonneers to the alliance, but were unable to provide more due to the ongoing invasion of Cyprus and an uprising in Aden. [7]
The army of the Sultan was composed of a large fleet of long galley-type oared ships, 15,000 troops, and Ottoman mercenaries. [5] [6] [8] [9] [10] The city of Malacca was successfully defended by Dom Leonis Pereira, who was supported by the king of Johore. [5]
Other attacks on Malacca by the Acehnese would continue during the following years, especially in 1570. [5] The offensive weakened the Portuguese Empire. In the 1570s, the Sultan of the Moluccas was able to repel the Portuguese from the Spice Islands. [7]
The Ottoman–Portuguese Conflicts (1586–1589) were armed military engagements which took place between the Portuguese Empire and the Ottoman Empire along the coast of eastern Africa. The conflict resulted from the expansion of the Portuguese Empire into territory controlled by the Adal Sultanate.
The Ottoman expedition to Aceh started from around 1565 when the Ottoman Empire endeavoured to support the Aceh Sultanate in its fight against the Portuguese Empire in Malacca. The expedition followed an envoy sent by the Acehnese Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah al-Kahhar (1539–71) to Suleiman the Magnificent in 1564, and possibly as early as 1562, requesting Ottoman support against the Portuguese.
The Battle of Duyon River was a naval engagement between the Portuguese forces commanded by Nuno Álvares Botelho, who is renowned in Portugal as one of the last great commanders of Portuguese India, and the forces of the Sultanate of Aceh, which were led by Lassemane.
Events from the year 1524 in India.
Events from the year 1522 in India.
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The Battle of Suez occurred in 1541 and was a failed attack by the Portuguese against the Ottomans.
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The Battle of Bharuch was a night-time attack of Portuguese forces under the command of Jorge de Meneses Baroche against the city of Bharuch, belonging to the Sultanate of Gujarat, in India. The Portuguese were victorious.
Gujarati–Portuguese conflicts refers to the armed engagements between the Portuguese Empire and the Sultanate of Gujarat, in India, that took place from 1508 until Gujarat was annexed by the Mughal Empire in 1573.
The siege of Mozambique of 1608 was a second, unsuccessful, attack by the Dutch East India Company on the Portuguese fortress of Mozambique, on the island of Mozambique, in 1608.
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