| Pterula multifida | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Pterulaceae |
| Genus: | Pterula |
| Species: | P. multifida |
| Binomial name | |
| Pterula multifida Fr. (1861) | |
Pterula multifida | |
|---|---|
 | Smooth hymenium |
 | Spore print is white |
 | Ecology is saprotrophic |
 | Edibility is unknown |
Pterula multifida is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Pterulaceae. [1] [2]
It was first described in 1861 by the Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries who classified it as Pterula multifida based on specimens he had found in 1857. [3] [4]
François Fulgis Chevallier's Penicillaria multifida [5] may be confused with this in the taxonomic history due to the identical abbreviation of P. multifida. However this is unrelated and Penicillaria multifida is now a nomen superfluum and considered illegitimate. [6] Penicillaria multifida was a reclassification of Pierre Bulliard's Clavaria penicillata [7] and that species did go to be reclassified as another Pterula species however in 1930 when Fries classified it as Pterulapenicillata. [8]
Pterula multifida var. densissima was described in 1958 by the Czech mycologist Albert Pilát. [9] The citation he gave for this variant was 'B. et C. 1873' and in the same text he also wrote 'Pterula densissima Berk. et Curt. 1873' which has led to Pterula densissima being listed as a synonym of Pterula multifida. However the taxonomic records for this likewise have some citation errors so they remain unclear.
Pterula multifida is a small whitish coral fungus with a delicate branching structure.
Fruit body: 1-5mm thin, hairlike coral that branches repeatedly towards the smooth and shiny pointed tips. The colour is white to off white to light brown with the tips having a lighter colour than the base. Stem: 0.05–0.1mm when present but sometimes absent. Flesh: White. Tough and rubbery. Spore print: White. Spores: Ellipsoid and smooth. 5–6 x 2.5–3.5μm. Taste: Indistinct. Smell: Indistinct or unpleasant like urea or chemicals. [10]
The specimens observed by Fries were found growing on sprigs of Spruce on the ground in the Uppsala Botanical Garden, Sweden in 1857. [3] [4]
In 1873 this species was included in Charles Montague Cooke's list of British fungi citing a specimen documented by Miles Joseph Berkeley and Christopher Edmund Broome which had been communicated to them by Walter Calverley Trevelyan. [11] However it was noted that they were 'unable at present to meet with a description of this plant'. [12]
This species is not commonly recorded in the United Kingdom but has been found in Berkshire, East & West Norfolk, Northamptonshire, North Somerset, South Devon, Surrey, Warwickshire and Glamorganshire in Wales. It occurs on damp soil and leaf litter in woodlands and has been found growing on the fallen catkins of Salix species (willow trees) and on needles from Picea species (spruce). It has also been found on the dead stems of the grass species Juncus subnodulosus , ferns such as Polystichum and on the dead stems of Rose and Rubus fruticosus (blackberries). [13] It grows solitary or in small trooping groups from late Summer to Autumn in England. [10]
As of October 2022 [update] , GBIF has around 1,250 recorded observations for this species with most being from Europe. [14] However many of there are just observations from citizen science platforms and lack evidence to confirm. Due to the similarities with other Pterula species some may also have been confused.
The specific epithet multifida derives from the Latin multifidus meaning 'with many divisions'. [15]
Entoloma sinuatum is a poisonous mushroom found across Europe and North America. Some guidebooks refer to it by its older scientific names of Entoloma lividum or Rhodophyllus sinuatus. The largest mushroom of the genus of pink-spored fungi known as Entoloma, it is also the type species. Appearing in late summer and autumn, fruit bodies are found in deciduous woodlands on clay or chalky soils, or nearby parklands, sometimes in the form of fairy rings. Solid in shape, they resemble members of the genus Tricholoma. The ivory to light grey-brown cap is up to 20 cm (7.9 in) across with a margin that is rolled inward. The sinuate gills are pale and often yellowish, becoming pink as the spores develop. The thick whitish stem has no ring.
Phlebopus marginatus, commonly known as the salmon gum mushroom in Western Australia, is a member of the Boletales or pored fungi. An imposing sight in forests of south-eastern and south-western Australia, it is possibly Australia's largest terrestrial mushroom, with the weight of one specimen from Victoria recorded at 29 kg (64 lb). Initially described in 1845 as Boletus marginatus, and also previously known by scientific names such as Phaeogyroporus portentosus and Boletus portentosus, it is not as closely related to typical boletes as previously thought.
Tricholoma pardinum, commonly known as spotted tricholoma, tiger tricholoma, tigertop, leopard knight, or dirty trich, is a gilled mushroom widely distributed across North America, Europe, and parts of Asia. It is generally found in beech woodland in summer and autumn. Two subspecies have been described from southern Europe. First officially described by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1801, T. pardinum has had a confusing taxonomic history that extends over two centuries. In 1762, German naturalist Jacob Christian Schäffer described the species Agaricus tigrinus with an illustration corresponding to what is thought to be T. pardinum, and consequently, the name Tricholoma tigrinum has been used erroneously in some European field guides.
Nolanea is a subgenus of fungi in the order Agaricales. Called pinkgills in English, basidiocarps are agaricoid, mostly mycenoid with slender stems. All have salmon-pink basidiospores which colour the gills at maturity and are angular (polyhedral) under a microscope. Recent DNA evidence has shown that at least 87 species belong to the subgenus Nolanea which has a worldwide distribution.
Leucocoprinus is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Its best-known member is the distinctive yellow mushroom Leucocoprinus birnbaumii, which is found in plant pots and greenhouses worldwide. The type species is Leucocoprinus cepistipes. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains over 80 recognised species, however many of these species are very scarcely recorded and little known with only a small number of Leucocoprinus species which are commonly observed. The majority of the species in this genus are exclusive to tropical environments however numerous species have become a common sight in plant pots and greenhouses resulting in them becoming well known worldwide.
Russula nigricans, commonly known as the blackening brittlegill or blackening russula, is a gilled mushroom found in woodland in Europe. It gains both its common and scientific name from its propensity to turn black from cutting or bruising.
Postia is a genus of brown rot fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae.
Lactarius vietus is a species of fungus in the family Russulaceae, first described by Elias Magnus Fries. It produces moderately sized and brittle mushrooms, which grow on the forest floor or on rotting wood. The flattened-convex cap can vary in shape, sometimes forming the shape of a wide funnel. It is typically grey, but the colour varies. The species has crowded, light-coloured gills, which produce white milk. The spore print is typically whitish, but also varies considerably. The mushrooms typically have a strong, acrid taste and have been described as inedible, but other authors have described them as consumable after boiling. L. vietus feeds by forming an ectomycorrhizal relationship with surrounding trees, and it favours birch. It grows in autumn months and is fairly common in Europe, North America and eastern Asia.
Thaxterogaster purpurascens is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. It is commonly known as the bruising webcap.
Asterophora parasitica, commonly known as the parasitic Asterophora or the Russula parasite, is a species of fungus that grows as a parasite on other mushrooms. The fruit bodies are small, with silky fibers on the surface of grayish caps and thick, widely spaced gills. Mushrooms fruit in clusters on the decaying remains of Lactarius and Russula species, particularly those in the Russula nigricans group. Found primarily in temperate zones of Europe and North America, the fungus is widespread but not common.
Dothidea is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Dothideaceae. The genus was first described in 1818 by Elias Magnus Fries. The type species is Dothidea sambuci.
Leucoagaricus meleagris is a species of fungus in the family Agaricaceae.
Coprinopsis nivea is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae. It is commonly known as the snowy inkcap.
Leucocoprinus munnarensis is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.
Leucocoprinus muticolor is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.
Leucocoprinus zeylanicus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.
Macrolepiota zeyheri is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. In the Kilendu dialect it is known as djilo and in the Kilur dialect it is called n'volo mighom.
Leucocoprinus martinicensis is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.
Pterula subulata is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Pterulaceae. It has the common name angel hair coral.
Pterulicium caricis-pendulae is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Pterulaceae. It has the common name pendulous sedge club.