Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Division: | Bryophyta |
Class: | Bryopsida |
Subclass: | Bryidae |
Order: | Bryales |
Family: | Bryaceae |
Genus: | Ptychostomum |
Subgenus: | Ptychostomum subg. Cladodium |
Species: | P. pseudotriquetrum |
Binomial name | |
Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) J.R. Spence & H.P. Ramsay ex Holyoak & N. Pedersen | |
Synonyms [1] | |
List
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Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum, commonly known as marsh bryum, [2] [3] is a species of moss belonging to the family Bryaceae. [4] It is distinguished by its strongly decurrent leaves that extend down the stem, central leaf stalks which may extend slightly beyond the tip of the leaf, dioicy, and long stems densely matted with rhizoids. It is found worldwide, excluding the tropics.
Ptychstomum pseudotriquem is a medium to large [5] moss with an acrocarpous growth form. [6] It is a yellow-green [5] moss that becomes red-brown with age. [7] The stems occur in dense turfs. The stems usually grow to lengths of 2–4 cm (0.79–1.57 in) [7] but can be as short as 1 cm (0.39 in) and long as 6 cm (2.4 in). [5] The stems may be weakly comose (i.e. crowned with a tuft of soft leaves) or evenly foliate. [7] The lower part of the stem is matted with papillose red-brown rhizoids. [5] [8] The stems branch sparingly by means of subfloral innovations, [8] which are elongate and evenly foliate. [7]
The leaves typically measure 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) in length, but may as short as 1 mm (0.039 in) or as long as 4 mm (0.16 in). [7] The leaves are glossy [6] and green, red-green, or yellow-green when young. They become dull brown-red or brick-red with age. [7] They are twisted and contorted when dry. When moist, they are erect spreading, oblong‑lanceolate to ovate‑lanceolate, [5] and flat to weakly concave. This means that the leaves are widest near the base and taper to a point. The leaves’ cell walls are firm to incrassate [7] and sometimes porose. [5] The reddish [8] basal cells are rectangular. The distal cells are rhomboidal-hexagonal to hexagonal, [5] with a length of 20–40 µm and a width of 12–20 µm. [8] The leaves are bordered by 2–3 rows of narrow, thick-walled, usually red cells. [5] The leaf margins are revolute (i.e. rolled downwards) from the base of the blade to the middle of the leaf or further. [7] Near the apex, the leaf margins are denticulate (i.e. having fine teeth). [8] The stout red-brown costa, or central stalk of the leaf, is percurrent to slightly excurrent, meaning it extends beyond the end of the apex, [8] [5] ending in a smooth awn. The leaf base is narrow and strongly decurrent, extending far down the stem. [7]
Some populations in the Northern Hemisphere [8] can reproduce asexually by means of brown gemmae in the leaf axils. [7] The plants are dioicous, having male and female sexual organs on separate plants. [7] The seta, or capsule stalk, is usually 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) long, though infrequently as long as 4 cm (1.6 in). [7] The seta is red, becoming browner with age. [5] The capsule, which contains the spores, is 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long and brown but with a yellow mouth. [7] The capsule is thickened at its distal end, with its shape being variously described as “elongate-ovate” (i.e. having an elongated egg shape), [7] “cylindrical to clavate” (i.e. club-shaped), [5] and “broadly pyriform” (i.e. pear-shaped). [8] It is either pendulous or inclined. [9] The diplolepidous peristome is composed of two sets of teeth, an inner endostome and an outer exostome, which ring the mouth of the capsule. The exostome teeth are orange- [8] or yellow-brown to pale yellow [5] and papillose at the tips. [8] The yellowish hyaline (i.e. translucent) endostome teeth are lightly papillose, [5] have broad perforations, and have a membrane at the base that is half the height of the exostome teeth. Attached to the endostome cells are 2–3 long, filiform (i.e. threadlike), appendiculate cilia. [8] [7] The operculum (the cap of the capsule) is 0.5–0.8 mm (0.020–0.031 in) long and conic-apiculate, ending in a sharp point. [5] The pale yellow or green spores measure 12–18 μm in diameter and are finely papillose. [7] The capsules mature in the summer or fall, [9] in the Northern Hemisphere from April to October. [7]
Bryum pseudotriquetrum is a synonym of Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum. [10]
Ptychostomum bimum has historically been treated as a synoicous form of Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum. [11] P. bimum has twice as many chromosomes as and probably evolved from P. pseudotriquetrum [12] As of June 2024, World Flora Online treats the two species as separate. [13] Compared to P. pseudotriquetrum, P. bimum has a shorter stem and significantly shorter leaf decurrencies. [7]
P. pseudotriquetrum has a bipolar distribution and is additionally found in temperate regions in the Southern Hemisphere. [14] It is found on all continents, including Antarctica, [8] but is largely absent from the tropics, subtropics, and islands in the central Pacific Ocean. [7] It grows on rocks and wet soil [8] by streams and lakes [12] and in fens, wet heaths, and marshes. at elevations of 0–4000 m. [7]
Fissidens adianthoides, the maidenhair pocketmoss, is a moss in the family Fissidentaceae. It was first collected by Hedwig in 1801.
The Bryopsida constitute the largest class of mosses, containing 95% of all moss species. It consists of approximately 11,500 species, common throughout the whole world.
Polytrichum commune is a species of moss found in many regions with high humidity and rainfall. The species can be exceptionally tall for a moss with stems often exceeding 30 cm (12 in) and rarely reaching 70 cm (27.5 in), but it is most commonly found at shorter lengths of 5 to 10 cm. It is widely distributed throughout temperate and boreal latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere and also found in Mexico, several Pacific Islands including New Zealand, and also in Australia. It typically grows in bogs, wet heathland and along forest streams. Additionally, class Polytrichopsida has been shown to thrive in partially open habitats that have been recently disturbed by human activities or even livestock.
Meesia triquetra, the three-ranked hump-moss, is a moss that occurs all around the northern hemisphere in higher latitudes.
Bryaceae is a family of mosses.
Anomobryum julaceum, the slender silver-moss, is a species of bryophyte native to all continents except South America and Antarctica. A. julaceum is found widespread in the temperate regions of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Its capsules mature beginning in late fall and through the spring. It is most commonly found in wet crevices and on sandstone cliffs. Additional micro-habitats include tussock tundra with seeps and late snow melt areas and on granitic outcrops. In eastern North America it appears to be restricted to acid habitats, in the wet crevices of sandstone cliffs or other seepy niches. Overall, A. julaceum resembles species of the genus Pohlia, and its leaves are similar to those of Bryum argenteum; it can only be separated from Pohlia and Bryum using a microscope. Anomobryum julaceum can be distinguished from Bryum argenteum by its strongly julaceous, shiny leaves.
Pogonatum urnigerum is a species of moss in the family Polytrichaceae, commonly called urn haircap. The name comes from "urna" meaning "urn" and "gerere" meaning "to bear" which is believed to be a reference made towards the plant's wide-mouthed capsule. It can be found on gravelly banks or similar habitats and can be identified by the blue tinge to the overall green colour. The stem of this moss is wine red and it has rhizoids that keep the moss anchored to substrates. It is an acrocarpous moss that grows vertically with an archegonium borne at the top of each fertilized female gametophyte shoot which develops an erect sporophyte.
Climacium dendroides, also known as tree climacium moss, belongs in the order Hypnales and family Climaciaceae, in class Bryopsida and subclass Bryidae. It is identified as a "tree moss" due to its distinctive morphological features, and has four species identified across the Northern Hemisphere. The species name "dendroides" describes the tree-like morphology of the plant, and its genus name came from the structure of the perforations of peristome teeth. This plant was identified by Weber and Mohr in 1804. They often have stems that are around 2-10 cm tall and growing in the form of patches, looking like small palm-trees. They have yellow-green branches at the tip of stems. The leaves are around 2.5-3 mm long, with rounder stem leaves and pointier branch leaves. Their sporophytes are only abundant in late winter and early spring, and appears as a red-brown shoot with long stalk and cylindrical capsules.
Isobryales are an order of mosses. Its taxonomic status is not clear. The Integrated Taxonomic Information System and National Center for Biotechnology Information databases consider it as a synonym of Bryidae and Hypnales, respectively. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility considers it valid in its own right.
Ptychostomum turbinatum, also known as topshape thread-moss or pear-fruited bryum, is a species of moss found in continental Europe and the US. The species became extinct across the British Isles in the 1940s according to the Species Recovery Trust and in 2001 according to the IUCN, and it has not reestablished since.
Fissidens limbatus commonly known as Herzog's pocket-moss, is a moss in the family Fissidentaceae. This species is found growing in high elevations in tropical America in addition to the US, Mexico and Canada. Montagne first collected F. crispus in 1838.
Plagiomnium venustum, also known as magnificent leafy moss, is a species of moss belonging to the family Mniaceae. It is found mainly in western North America along the coastal region. This moss can be identified from other members of the Plagiomnium genus by dark coloured stomata guide cells and the absence of sterile stems. It is most commonly found growing as a mat on a variety of substrate, but mainly on humus and moist soil.
Orthotrichum lyellii, also known as Lyell's bristle moss, is a species of acrocarpous moss belonging to the family Orthotrichaceae. O. lyellii can be found throughout western North America and Europe. It is found most commonly growing epiphytically on a variety of trees, and less commonly on rocks or boulder substrates.
Ptychostomum schleicheri, the Schleicher's bryum moss, is a species of moss belonging to the family Bryaceae. The leaves' color ranges from yellow to yellow-copper.
Syntrichia latifolia, formerly Tortula latifolia, and commonly known as water screw-moss, is a species of moss belonging to the family Pottiaceae. Syntrichia species differ from members of Tortula due to synapomorphic leaf qualities, such as different basal and distal cells, as well as different costal cross sections where Tortula has an abaxial epidermis and Syntrichia lacks one.
Hypnum is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Hypnaceae.
Ptychostomum is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Bryaceae. It has an almost cosmopolitan distribution. It has two subgenera, Psychostomum (Ptychostomum) and Psychostomum (Cladodium).
Claopodium crispifolium, crispleaf roughmoss, is a moss species in the family Leskeaceae. It is an epiphyte growing on trees in North America.
Wijkia extenuata, commonly known as spear moss or spiky wiki, is a species of moss from the family Pylaisiadelphaceae. It can be divided into two varieties Wijkia extenuata '-var. caudata and Wijkia extenuata var. extenuata. It is commonly found throughout the tropical, subtropical, and temperate forests of eastern Australasia and New Zealand.
Bartramiopsis lescurii, also known as false apple moss, is found in North America from Washington to Alaska, in East Russia, and Japan. This moss is in the Polytrichaceae family, however unlike most mosses in this family, Bartramiopsis lescurii does not have peristome teeth.