Purple-throated sunangel

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Purple-throated sunangel
Purple-throatedSunangel.jpg
CITES Appendix II (CITES) [2]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Strisores
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Trochilidae
Genus: Heliangelus
Species:
H. viola
Binomial name
Heliangelus viola
Gould, 1853
Heliangelus viola map.svg

The purple-throated sunangel (Heliangelus viola) is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru. [3] [4]

Contents

Taxonomy and systematics

The International Ornithological Committee (IOC), BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW), and the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (AOS) treat the purple-throated sunangel as monotypic. However, the Clements taxonomy splits it into three subspecies, H. v. viola, H. v. pyropus and H. v. splendidus. [3] [4] [5] [6]

Description

The purple-throated sunangel is 11 to 12 cm (4.3 to 4.7 in) long and weighs 5.1 to 6.6 g (0.18 to 0.23 oz). It has a short, straight, blackish bill. Both sexes have shining green upperparts and green bellies. Their central tail feathers are shining green and the others blackish. Adult males have a glittering blue-green frontlet just above the bill and a deep violet iridescent gorget with a blue-green pectoral bar below it. Adult females lack the blue-green frontlet and iridescent gorget. Their throat is tawny to off-white with bronzy green speckles. Juveniles are similar to the adult female. The differences among the "Clements" subspecies are treated by the other taxonomic systems as being within the range of variation of the nominate. [7] [5] [6]

Distribution and habitat

The purple-throated sunangel is found on the west slope of the Andes from north-central Ecuador south into Peru as far as the departments of Cajamarca and Amazonas. When treated as separate subspecies, H. v. viola is found east of the Marañón River in northern Peru, H. v. pyropus in southern Ecuador and northwestern Peru, and H. v. splendidus in northern Peru west of the Marañón. The species inhabits a variety of landscapes including the interior and edges of cloudforest and secondary forest, alder (Alnus) woodlands, and shrubby areas. In elevation it ranges between 2,150 and 3,000 m (7,100 and 9,800 ft). [3] [7]

Behavior

Movement

The purple-throated sunangel is sedentary. [7]

Feeding

The purple-throated sunangel feeds on nectar and insects. In parts of Ecuador it appears to be dependent on the introduced Eucalyptus globulus; at the least its distribution is correlated with that tree's altitudinal occurrence. It captures insects by hawking from a perch and by gleaning from vegetation. [7]

Breeding

The purple-throated sunangel's breeding season spans from October to January. The clutch of two white eggs is incubated by the female. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding phenology.

Vocalization

The purple-throated sunangel's calls include "a loose series of short dry trills 'trr..tr..trr....trr..', and a repeated, drawn-out, dry, buzzy 'bzzzrrr'." [7]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the purple-throated sunangel as being of Least Concern. Though its population size is not known it is believed to be stable. [1] Though it has a relatively restricted range it is locally fairly common. It occurs in several protected areas. [7]

References

  1. 1 2 BirdLife International (2016). "Purple-throated Sunangel Heliangelus viola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22687898A93173861. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22687898A93173861.en . Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. 1 2 3 Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 12.1)". doi:10.14344/IOC.ML.11.2 . Retrieved January 15, 2022.
  4. 1 2 "Taxonomy". BirdLife DataZone. Retrieved 2025-09-09.
  5. 1 2 "South American Classification Committee". www.museum.lsu.edu. Retrieved 2025-09-09.
  6. 1 2 "2024 Citation & Checklist Downloads – Clements Checklist". www.birds.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2025-09-09.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Heynen, Iris; Boesman, Peter F. D.; Bonan, Arnau (2020). "Purple-throated Sunangel (Heliangelus viola), version 1.0" . Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.putsun1.01. ISSN   2771-3105.