Pyrgulopsis Last updated October 22, 2025 Etymology The name Pyrgulopsis is composed from Pyrgula , another genus of snail, and opsis = aspect of. [ 1]
Description Generic characters of the genus Pyrgulopsis are: the shell is minute, conically turreted, somewhat elongated, imperforate and unicarinate. The apex is acute. The aperture is ovate. The edge of the aperture, called the peritreme, is continuous. [ 1] The operculum is ovate, thin, corneous and spiral, with polar point well forward and approximating the columella . [ 1]
The jaw is thin and membranaceous. [ 1] The radula is odontophore, with teeth are arranged in transverse rows, according to the formula 3 + 1 + 3. Formula for denticles of rhachidian: 4 + 1 + 4 ⁄ 1 + 1 [ 1]
Distribution The distribution of the genus Pyrgulopsis includes Western and South-western United States. [ 1] Snails of species in the genus Pyrgulopsis occur in fresh water and in brackish water. [ 1]
Species Shells of Pyrgulopsis deserta . A shell of Pyrgulopsis neomexicana . Pyrgulopsis is the largest genus of freshwater gastropods in the North America. In 2014, 139 species were recognized in this genus. [ 4]
Species in the genus Pyrgulopsis include: [ 5]
Pyrgulopsis aardahli Hershler, 1989 - Benton Valley springsnail Pyrgulopsis aloba Hershler, 1999 - Duckwater pyrg Pyrgulopsis amargosae Hershler, 1989 - Amargosa springsnail Pyrgulopsis anguina Hershler, 1989 - Longitudinal gland pyrg [ 6] Pyrgulopsis archimedis S. S. Berry, 1947 - archimedes pyrg Pyrgulopsis arizonae (Taylor , 1987) - Apache springsnail Pyrgulopsis avernalis (Pilsbry , 1935) - Moapa pebblesnail Pyrgulopsis bacchus Hershler, 1988 - Grand Wash springsnail Pyrgulopsis bedfordensis Hershler & Gustafson, 2001 [ 7] Pyrgulopsis bernardina (Taylor , 1987) - San Bernardino springsnail Pyrgulopsis blainica Hershler, Liu & Gustafson, 2008 [ 8] Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis Hershler, 1990 - Bruneau hot springsnail Pyrgulopsis bryantwalkeri Hershler, 1994 - Cortez Hills pebblesnail Pyrgulopsis californiensis (Gregg & Taylor , 1965) - Laguna Mountain springsnail Pyrgulopsis carinifera (Pilsbry , 1935) Pyrgulopsis castaicensis Hershler & Liu, 2010 [ 2] Pyrgulopsis chamberlini (Hershler, 1998) - smooth Glenwood pyrg [ 9] Pyrgulopsis chupaderae (Taylor , 1987) - Chupadera springsnail Pyrgulopsis coloradensis Hershler, 1998 - Blue Point pyrg [ 10] Pyrgulopsis conica Hershler, 1988 - Kingman springsnail Pyrgulopsis cruciglans Hershler, 1998 - Transverse grand pyrg Pyrgulopsis crystalis Hershler & Sada, 1987 - Crystal springsnail Pyrgulopsis davisi (Taylor , 1987) - Limpia Creek springsnail Pyrgulopsis deaconi Hershler, 1998 [ 11] - Spring Mountains Pyrg Pyrgulopsis deserta (Pilsbry , 1916) - desert springsnail Pyrgulopsis diablensis Hershler, 1995 - Diablo Range pyrg Pyrgulopsis eremica Hershler, 1995 - Smoke Creek pyrg Pyrgulopsis erythropoma (Pilsbry , 1899) - Ash Meadows pebblesnail Pyrgulopsis fairbanksensis Hershler & Sada, 1987 - Fairbanks springsnail Pyrgulopsis fusca (Hershler, 1998) - Otter Creek pyrg [ 12] Pyrgulopsis gibba Hershler, 1995 - Surprise Valley pyrg Pyrgulopsis gilae (Taylor , 1987) - Gila springsnail Pyrgulopsis giuliani Hershler & Pratt, 1990 - southern Sierra Nevada springsnail Pyrgulopsis glandulosa Hershler, 1988 - Verde Rim springsnail Pyrgulopsis greggi Hershler, 1995 - Kern River pyrg Pyrgulopsis hamlinensis Hershler, 1998 - Hamlin Valley pyrg [ 13] Pyrgulopsis hendersoni (Pilsbry , 1933) - Harney Lake springsnail Pyrgulopsis idahoensis (Pilsbry , 1933) - Idaho springsnail Pyrgulopsis ignota Hershler, Liu & Lang, 2010 [ 3] Pyrgulopsis intermedia (Tryon, 1865) - Crooked Creek springsnail Pyrgulopsis isolata Hershler & Sada, 1987 - elongate-gland springsnail Pyrgulopsis kolobensis (Taylor , 1987) - Toquerville springsnail Pyrgulopsis licina Hershler, Liu & Bradford, 2013 [ 14] Pyrgulopsis longae Hershler, 1995 - Long Valley pyrg Pyrgulopsis longinqua (Gould , 1855) Pyrgulopsis marilynae (Hershler, Ratcliffe, Liu, Lang and Hay , 2014) [ 4] Pyrgulopsis merriami (Pilsbry & Beecher, 1892) - Pahranagat pebblesnail Pyrgulopsis metcalfi (Taylor , 1987) - Naegele springsnail Pyrgulopsis micrococcus (Pilsbry , 1893) - Oasis Valley springsnail Pyrgulopsis milleri Hershler & Liu, 2010 [ 2] Pyrgulopsis minkleyi (D. W. Taylor, 1966) Pyrgulopsis montezumensis Hershler, 1988 - Montezuma Well springsnail Pyrgulopsis morrisoni Hershler, 1988 - Page springsnail Pyrgulopsis nanus Hershler & Sada, 1987 - distal-gland springsnail Pyrgulopsis neomexicana (Pilsbry , 1916) - Socorro springsnail Pyrgulopsis nevadensis (Stearns , 1883) - corded pyrg - type species Pyrgulopsis nonaria (Hershler, 1998) - Ninemile pyrg [ 15] Pyrgulopsis owensensis Hershler, 1989 - Owens Valley springsnail Pyrgulopsis pecosensis (Taylor , 1987) - Pecos springsnail Pyrgulopsis perforata Hershler, Liu & Bradford, 2013 [ 14] Pyrgulopsis perturbata Hershler, 1989 - Fish Slough springsnail Pyrgulopsis pilsbryana (J. L. Baily & R. I. Baily, 1952) - Bear Lake springsnail Pyrgulopsis pisteri Hershler & Sada, 1987 - Median-gland Nevada springsnail Pyrgulopsis robusta (Walker , 1908) - Jackson Lake springsnail Pyrgulopsis roswellensis (Taylor , 1987) - Roswell springsnail Pyrgulopsis sanchezi Hershler, Liu & Bradford, 2013 [ 14] Pyrgulopsis saxatilis (Hershler, 1998) - sub-globose snake pyrg [ 16] Pyrgulopsis similis (Hershler, Ratcliffe, Liu, Lang and Hay , 2014) [ 4] Pyrgulopsis simplex Hershler, 1988 - Fossil springsnail Pyrgulopsis sola Hershler, 1988 - brown springsnail Pyrgulopsis stearnsiana (Pilsbry , 1899) - Yaqui springsnail Pyrgulopsis taylori Hershler, 1995 - San Luis Obispo pyrg Pyrgulopsis texana (Pilsbry , 1935) - Phantom cave snail [ 3] Pyrgulopsis thermalis (Taylor , 1987) - New Mexico hot springsnail Pyrgulopsis thompsoni Hershler, 1988 - Huachuca springsnail Pyrgulopsis transversa (Hershler, 1998) - southern Bonneville pyrg [ 17] Pyrgulopsis trivialis (Taylor , 1987) - Three Forks springsnail Pyrgulopsis turbatrix Hershler, 1998 [ 18] - Southeast Nevada Pyrg Pyrgulopsis variegata () - Northwest Bonneville pyrg [ 19] Pyrgulopsis ventricosa Hershler, 1995 - Clear Lake pyrg Pyrgulopsis wongi Hershler, 1989 Eastern North American species of Pyrgulopsis [ 20] are considered to be in separate genus Marstonia according to the Thompson and Hershler (2002). [ 21]
Pyrgulopsis agarhecta (F. G. Thompson, 1969) - Ocmulgee marstonia - Marstonia agarhecta F.G. Thompson, 1969 Pyrgulopsis arga - ghost marstonia - Marstonia arga F.G. Thompson, 1977 Pyrgulopsis castor (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - beaverpond marstonia - Marstonia castor F.G. Thompson, 1977 Pyrgulopsis halcyon (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - halcyon marstonia - Marstonia halcyon F.G. Thompson, 1977 Pyrgulopsis hershleri F. G. Thompson, 1995 - Coosa pyrg - Marstonia hershleri (F.G. Thompson, 1995) Pyrgulopsis letsoni (Walker , 1901) - gravel pyrg - Marstonia letsoni (Walker , 1901) Pyrgulopsis lustrica (Pilsbry , 1890) - boreal marstonia - Marstonia lustrica (Pilsbry , 1890) Pyrgulopsis ogmoraphe (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - royal springsnail - Marstonia ogmorhaphe (F.G. Thompson, 1977) Pyrgulopsis olivacea (Pilsbry , 1895) - olive marstonia - Marstonia olivacea (Pilsbry , 1895) Pyrgulopsis ozarkensis Hinkley, 1915 - Ozark pyrg - Marstonia ozarkensis (Hinkley, 1915) Pyrgulopsis pachyta (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - armored marstonia - Marstonia pachyta F.G. Thompson, 1977 Pyrgulopsis scalariformis (Wolf, 1869) - moss pyrg - Marstonia scalariformis (Wolf, 1869) References This article incorporates public domain text from the reference. [ 1]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Call R. E. & Pilsbry H. A. (1886). "On Pyrgulopsis , a new genus of rissoid mollusk, with description of two new forms". Proceeding Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences V. 9 -14. 1 2 3 Hershler R. Liu H.-P. (25 January 2010). "Two new, possibly threatened species of Pyrgulopsis (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from southwestern California". Zootaxa 2343 : 1–17, 8 plates. preview 1 2 3 Hershler, R.; Liu, H.-P.; Lang, B. K. (2010). "Transfer of Cochliopa texana to Pyrgulopsis (Hydrobiidae) and description of a third congener from the lower Pecos River basin" . Journal of Molluscan Studies . 76 (3): 245– 256. doi : 10.1093/mollus/eyq002 . 1 2 3 Hershler, Robert; Ratcliffe, Victoria; Liu, Hsiu-Ping; Land, Brian; Hay, Claire (July 2014). "Taxonomic revision of the Pyrgulopsis gilae (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) species complex, with descriptions of two new species from the Gila River basin, New Mexico" . ZooKeys (429): 69– 85. doi : 10.3897/zookeys.429.7865 . PMC 4137299 . PMID 25147471 . ↑ Pyrgulopsis ↑ "Pyrgulopsis anguina" . Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on December 30, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2017 . ↑ Hershler, R.; Gustafson, D. L. (2001). "First record for springsnails (Mollusca: Hydrobiidae: Pyrgulopsis ) from the northern Rocky Mountains" . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . 114 : 297– 308. [ permanent dead link ] ↑ Hershler, Robert; Liu, Hsiu-Ping; Gustafson, Daniel L. (November 2008). "A second species of Pyrgulopsis (Hydrobiidae) from the Missouri River basin, with molecular evidence supporting faunal origin through Pliocene stream capture across the northern continental divide" . Journal of Molluscan Studies . 74 (4): 403– 413. doi : 10.1093/mollus/eyn028 . – via EBSCO 's Academic Search Complete (subscription required) ↑ "Pyrgulopsis chamberlini" . Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on December 30, 2016. Retrieved May 19, 2017 . ↑ Hershler (1998). "A systematic review of the hydrobiid snails (Gastropoda: Rissooidea) of the Great Basin, western United States. Part I. Genus Pyrgulopsis ". The Veliger . 41 . California Malacozoological Society, Inc.: 1– 132. hdl :10088/7293 . ↑ "Spring Mountains Pyrg" . Encyclopedia of Life . Retrieved 27 June 2017 . ↑ "Pyrgulopsis fusca" . Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on December 30, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2017 . ↑ "Pyrgulopsis hamlinensis" . Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on December 30, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2017 . 1 2 3 Hershler, Robert; Liu, Hsiu-Ping; Bradford, Corbin (9 September 2013). "Systematics of a widely distributed western North American springsnail, Pyrgulopsis micrococcus (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with descriptions of three new congeners" . ZooKeys (330): 27– 52. doi : 10.3897/zookeys.330.5852 . PMC 3800804 . PMID 24146554 . Retrieved June 21, 2017 . – via EBSCO 's Academic Search Complete (subscription required) ↑ "Pyrgulopsis nonaria" . Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on December 30, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2017 . ↑ "Pyrgulopsis saxatilis" . Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on December 31, 2016. Retrieved May 19, 2017 . ↑ "Pyrgulopsis transversa" . Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on December 30, 2016. Retrieved May 19, 2017 . ↑ "Southeast Nevada Pyrg" . Encyclopedia of Life . Retrieved 27 June 2017 . ↑ "Pyrgulopsis variegata" . Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on December 30, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2017 . ↑ Hershler, R (1994). "A review of the North American freshwater snail genus Pyrgulopsis (Hydrobiidae)" (PDF) . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology . 554 (554): 1– 115. doi :10.5479/si.00810282.554 . ↑ Marstonia http://www.natureserve.org accessed 25 July 2009. (See "Concept References" in each Marstonia species.)Further reading Hershler, R (1998). "A systematic review of the hydrobiid snails (Gastropoda: Rissoidea) of the Great Basin, western United States. Part I. Genus Pyrgulopsis ". The Veliger . 41 (1): 1– 132. Hershler, R.; Thompson, F. G. (1987). "North American Hydrobiidae (Gastropoda: Rissoacea): redescription and the systematic relationships of Tryonia Stimpson, 1865 and Pyrgulopsis Call and Pilsbry, 1886" . The Nautilus . 101 (1): 25– 32. Thompson, F. G.; Hershler, R. (2002). "Two genera of North American freshwater snails: Marstonia Baker, 1926, resurrected to generic status, and Floridobia , new genus (Prosobranchia: Hydrobiidae: Nymphophilinae)". The Veliger . 45 (3): 269– 271. This page is based on this
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