Quercus palmeri

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Quercus palmeri
Quercus palmeri leaves.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Fagaceae
Genus: Quercus
Subgenus: Quercus subg. Quercus
Section: Quercus sect. Protobalanus
Species:
Q. palmeri
Binomial name
Quercus palmeri
Quercus palmeri range map 1.png
Natural range of Quercus palmeri
Synonyms [2]
  • Quercus chrysolepis var. palmeri(Engelm.) Engelm.
  • Quercus dunniiKellogg ex Curran

Quercus palmeri is a species of oak known by the common name Palmer oak, or Palmer's oak. It is native to California (as far north as populations just south and east of the San Francisco Bay), Baja California, Southern Nevada, and in Arizona through the transition zone to the eastern Mogollon Rim, where it grows in canyons, mountain slopes, washes, and other dry habitats. [3] [4] [5]

Contents

Description

Quercus palmeri is a shrub or small tree growing 2–6 m (6 ft 7 in – 19 ft 8 in) in height. It branches into angular twigs and is reddish brown. The leaves are 1 to 3 centimetres (38 to 1+18 inches) in length. They are stiff, leathery, and brittle, their edges wavy with sharp spine-teeth. The upper surface is shiny, waxy, and olive green in color, the lower gray-green and coated with glandular hairs. The fruit is an acorn with a hairy cap up to 2.5 cm (1 in) wide and a blunt-ended nut 2 to 3 cm (34 to 1+14 in) long. [4]

Cluster of clonal individuals Quercus palmeri growth form.jpg
Cluster of clonal individuals

Quercus palmeri usually grows in small populations, some of which are actually all clones of a single plant. [4] One such clone in the Jurupa Mountains in Riverside County, California, named the Jurupa Oak, was determined to be over 13,000 years old, a single individual living as a relict from the Pleistocene. [6] It is therefore one of the oldest living plants in the world.

Taxonomy

Quercus palmeri is placed in Quercus section Protobalanus. [7]

Quercus dunniiKellogg, common name Dunn oak, is synonymous with Palmer oak. Palmer oak does not occur in New Mexico; the specimens were misidentified and later corrected to Quercus grisea, per SEINet. Per FNA, the population of golden oaks in eastern Arizona appear to be introgressed Quercus chrysolepis and Q. palmeri, best called Q. chrysolepis aff. Q. palmeri. These populations of Q. chrysolepis demonstrate historical hybridization between Q. chrysolepis and Q. palmeri. [8] Quercus palmeri was recently discovered in southern Nevada in Christmas Tree Pass that was previously only known from fossils. [9]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Quercus tomentella</i> Species of tree

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<i>Quercus gambelii</i> Species of oak tree

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<i>Quercus chrysolepis</i> Species of oak tree

Quercus chrysolepis, commonly termed canyon live oak, canyon oak, golden cup oak or maul oak, is a North American species of evergreen oak that is found in Mexico and in the western United States, notably in the California Coast Ranges. This tree is often found near creeks and drainage swales growing in moist cool microhabitats. Its leaves are a glossy dark green on the upper surface with prominent spines; a further identification arises from the leaves of canyon live oak being geometrically flat.

<i>Quercus depressipes</i> Species of oak tree

Quercus depressipes is a species of plant in the family Fagaceae. It is found in North America, primarily Mexico and the United States.

<i>Quercus dumosa</i> Species of oak tree

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<i>Quercus toumeyi</i> Species of tree

Quercus toumeyi, the Toumey oak, is a North American species of tree in the beech family. It is found in northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States. It grows in Sonora, Chihuahua, Arizona, New Mexico, and the extreme westernmost tip of Texas.

<i>Quercus vacciniifolia</i> Species of oak tree

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<i>Quercus rugosa</i> Species of oak tree

Quercus rugosa, commonly known as the netleaf oak, is a broad-leaved tree in the beech and oak family Fagaceae. It is native to southern North America.

<i>Quercus sadleriana</i> Species of oak tree

Quercus sadleriana is a species of oak known by the common names Sadler's oak and deer oak. It is native to southwestern Oregon and far northern California in the Klamath Mountains. It grows in coniferous forests. It is placed in section Ponticae.

<i>Quercus john-tuckeri</i> Species of oak tree

Quercus john-tuckeri is a North American species of oak known by the common name Tucker oak, or Tucker's oak. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the chaparral and oak woodlands of mountain slopes in the western Transverse Ranges, the southernmost Central Coast Ranges, and the margins of the Mojave Desert. The species is named after John M. Tucker, professor of botany (1947–1986) at the University of California at Davis, specialist in Quercus.

<i>Quercus turbinella</i> Species of plant

Quercus turbinella is a North American species of oak known by the common names shruboak, turbinella oak, shrub live oak, and gray oak. It is native to Arizona, California, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, and Nevada in the western United States. It also occurs in northern Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jurupa Oak</span> Exceptionally old clonal oak colony in Riverside, California

The Jurupa Oak, or Hurungna Oak, is a clonal colony of Quercus palmeri trees in the Jurupa Mountains in Crestmore Heights, Riverside County, California. The colony has survived an estimated 13,000 years through clonal reproduction, making it one of the world's oldest living trees. The oak was discovered by botanist Mitch Provance in the 1990s and at the time he recognized it as disjunct for the species and likely an “ancient” clonal stand.

<i>Quercus pacifica</i> Species of oak tree

Quercus pacifica is a species of oak known by the common names island scrub oak, Channel Island scrub oak, and Pacific oak.

<i>Quercus grisea</i> Species of oak tree

Quercus grisea, commonly known as the gray oak, shin oak or scrub oak, is a North American species deciduous or evergreen shrub or medium-sized tree in the white oak group. It is native to the mountains of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It hybridises with four other oak species where the ranges overlap, the Arizona white oak (Q. arizonica), the Gambel oak (Q. gambelii), the Mohr oak (Q. mohriana) and the sandpaper oak (Q. pungens).

<i>Quercus ajoensis</i> Species of shrub

Quercus ajoensis is an uncommon North American shrub with the common name Ajo Mountain shrub oak. It has been found in Arizona mountain ranges of the Colorado desert, and Arizona uplands of the Sonoran desert. Q. ajoensis integrates with Q. turbinella and is difficult to determine specimen identification due to hybridization. It appears that this species is an elevation variant of Q. turbinella and is best treated as a subspecies or variety as it has been treated in the past. The status of Q. ajoensis as a species is probably unnecessary due to complete integration with Q. turbinella or it being a low elevation variant of Q. turbinella.

References

  1. Beckman, E. (2017). "Quercus palmeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T78970940A78970982. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T78970940A78970982.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. "Quercus palmeri Engelm.". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  3. "Quercus palmeri". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 Nixon, Kevin C. (1997). "Quercus palmeri". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  5. SEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter
  6. May, M. R., et al. (2009). Pleistocene clone of Quercus palmeri Engelm. PLoS ONE
  7. Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks" (xls). figshare. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
  8. "Quercus palmeri in Flora of North America @". Efloras.org. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  9. "SEINet Portal NetworkDetailed Collection Record Information".