Quseir Formation

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Quseir Formation
Stratigraphic range: Campanian
~80–72  Ma
Type Geological formation
Sub-unitsMut & El Hindaw Members
Underlies Duwi Formation
OverliesUnconformity with Taref Formation
Thicknessat least 250 metres (820 ft)
Lithology
Primary Shale
Other Sandstone, siltstone, phosphorite
Location
Location Al Wadi al Jadid, New Valley
Coordinates 25°36′N29°06′E / 25.6°N 29.1°E / 25.6; 29.1
Approximate paleocoordinates 9°18′N24°54′E / 9.3°N 24.9°E / 9.3; 24.9
Region Kharga Oasis
Country Egypt
Egypt relief location map.jpg
Lightgreen pog.svg
Quseir Formation (Egypt)

The Quseir Formation is a geological formation in the vicinity of the Kharga Oasis in Egypt. [1] It is Campanian in age. [2] The lithology largely consists of soft shale with hard bands of sandstone, siltstone and phosphorite. [3] The environment of deposition was nearshore to freshwater fluvio-lacustrine characterized by moist and aquatic habitats with a tropical warm-humid climate. It is conformably overlain by the marine late Campanian-Maastrichtian Duwi Formation, and unconformably overlies the Turonian Taref Formation. The sauropod dinosaurs Mansourasaurus and Igai are known from the formation, [4] [5] as well as the proximal fibula of an indeterminate theropod [6] and possible remains tentively assigned to Spinosaurus . [7] [8] Additionally the lungfish genera Lavocatodus and Protopterus , [9] the crocodyliform Wahasuchus [10] and the bothremydid turtle Khargachelys are also known. [11]

Contents

Fossil content

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Dinosaurs

Theropods including a proximal fibula and specimens tentatively assigned to Cenomanian theropod genera Spinosaurus and Carcharodontosaurus are now classified as Theropoda indet. [6] [12]

Sauropods

Sauropods of the Quseir Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Mansourasaurus [13] M. shahinaeA lithostrotian titanosaur
Mansourasaurus NT.jpg
Igai [14] I. semkhuA saltasaurid titanosaur
Igai semkhu.png

Theropods

Theropods of the Quseir Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
cf.Abelisauridae [6] IndeterminateProximal fibula (MUVP 187) [6]
Theropoda Caudal vertebra (MUVP 199) [6]

Fish

Bony fish

Bony fish of the Quseir Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Lavocatodus [9] L. giganteusA lavocatodid lungfish
L. humei
L. protopteroides
Protopterus [9] P. nigeriensisA protopterid lungfish
Lepisosteoidea [7] IndeterminateMut Member

Cartilaginous Fish

Cartilaginous Fishes of the Quseir Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Scapanorhynchus S. rapax [7] Mut MemberTeethA close relative of the living goblin shark

Crocodylomorphs

Crocodylomorpha of the Quseir Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Dyrosauridae indet.Indeterminate Mandibular symphysis [15]
Wahasuchus [16] W. egyptensisA mesoeucrocodylian
Wadisuchus [17] W. kassabiSkullsA dyrosaurid.

Turtles

Turtles of the Quseir Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Khargachelys K. caironensisA bothremydid side-necked turtle

References

  1. ↑ Quseir Formation at Fossilworks.org
  2. ↑ Mahmoud, Magdy S. (April 2003). "Palynology and palaeoenvironment of the Quseir Formation (Campanian) from central Egypt". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 36 (3): 135–148. Bibcode:2003JAfES..36..135M. doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(03)00047-2. ISSN   1464-343X.
  3. ↑ Sallam, Hesham M.; O'Connor, Patrick M.; Kora, Mahmoud; Sertich, Joseph J.W.; Seiffert, Erik R.; Faris, Mahmoud; Ouda, Khaled; El-Dawoudi, Iman; Saber, Sara (May 2016). "Vertebrate paleontological exploration of the Upper Cretaceous succession in the Dakhla and Kharga Oases, Western Desert, Egypt". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 117: 223–234. Bibcode:2016JAfES.117..223S. doi: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.01.022 . ISSN   1464-343X.
  4. ↑ Sallam, Hesham M.; Gorscak, Eric; O’Connor, Patrick M.; El-Dawoudi, Iman A.; El-Sayed, Sanaa; Saber, Sara; Kora, Mahmoud A.; Sertich, Joseph J. W.; Seiffert, Erik R. (2018-01-29). "New Egyptian sauropod reveals Late Cretaceous dinosaur dispersal between Europe and Africa". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (3): 445–451. Bibcode:2018NatEE...2..445S. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0455-5. ISSN   2397-334X. PMID   29379183. S2CID   3375335.
  5. ↑ Gorscak, Eric; Lamanna, Matthew C.; Schwarz, Daniela; Díaz, Verónica díez; Salem, Belal S.; Sallam, Hesham M.; Wiechmann, Marc Filip (2023-07-20). "A new titanosaurian (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Quseir Formation of the Kharga Oasis, Egypt". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 42 (6) e2199810. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2023.2199810 . ISSN   0272-4634.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Salem, Belal S.; O'Connor, Patrick M.; Gorscak, Eric; El-Sayed, Sanaa; Sertich, Joseph J.W.; Seiffert, Erik; Sallam, Hesham M. (2021-07-01). "Dinosaur remains from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) of the Western Desert, Egypt". Cretaceous Research. 123 104783. Bibcode:2021CrRes.12304783S. doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104783 . ISSN   0195-6671. S2CID   233900405.
  7. 1 2 3 Churcher, C. S.; De iuliis, G. (2001). "A new species of Protopterus and a revision of Ceratodus humei (Dipnoi: Ceratodontiformes) from the Late Cretaceous Mut Formation of eastern Dakhleh Oasis, Western Desert of Egypt" . Palaeontology. 44 (2): 305–323. Bibcode:2001Palgy..44..305C. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00181. ISSN   0031-0239.
  8. ↑ Augustin, Felix J.; Hartung, Josephina; Kampouridis, Panagiotis (2023), Hamimi, Zakaria; Khozyem, Hassan; Adatte, Thierry; Nader, Fadi H. (eds.), "Dinosaur Faunas of Egypt—The Terrestrial Late Cretaceous Vertebrate Record" , The Phanerozoic Geology and Natural Resources of Egypt, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 253–284, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95637-0_9, ISBN   978-3-030-95636-3 , retrieved 2024-11-26
  9. 1 2 3 Claeson, Kerin M; Sallam, Hesham M; O'Connor, Patrick M.; Sertich, Joseph J. W. (2014). "A revision of the Upper Cretaceous lepidosirenid lungfishes from the Quseir Formation, Western Desert, central Egypt". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (4): 760–766. Bibcode:2014JVPal..34..760C. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.838574. S2CID   17120150.
  10. ↑ Saber, Sara; Sertich, Joseph J.W.; Sallam, Hesham M.; Ouda, Khaled A.; O'Connor, Patrick M.; Seiffert, Erik R. (October 2018). "An enigmatic crocodyliform from the Upper Cretaceous Quseir Formation, central Egypt". Cretaceous Research. 90: 174–184. Bibcode:2018CrRes..90..174S. doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2018.04.004 . ISSN   0195-6671.
  11. ↑ AbdelGawad, Mohamed; Pérez-García, Adán; Hirayama, Ren; Mohesn, Sara; Tantawy, Abdel-Aziz; Abu El-Kheir, Gebely (February 2023). "The First Side-Necked Turtle (Pleurodira, Bothremydidae) from the Campanian (Late Cretaceous) of Egypt". Diversity. 15 (2): 284. Bibcode:2023Diver..15..284A. doi: 10.3390/d15020284 . ISSN   1424-2818.
  12. ↑ Augustin, Felix J.; Hartung, Josephina; Kampouridis, Panagiotis (2023), Hamimi, Zakaria; Khozyem, Hassan; Adatte, Thierry; Nader, Fadi H. (eds.), "Dinosaur Faunas of Egypt—The Terrestrial Late Cretaceous Vertebrate Record" , The Phanerozoic Geology and Natural Resources of Egypt, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 253–284, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95637-0_9, ISBN   978-3-030-95636-3 , retrieved 2024-10-18
  13. ↑ Sallam, Hesham M.; Gorscak, Eric; O’Connor, Patrick M.; El-Dawoudi, Iman A.; El-Sayed, Sanaa; Saber, Sara; Kora, Mahmoud A.; Sertich, Joseph J. W.; Seiffert, Erik R.; Lamanna, Matthew C. (2018-01-29). "New Egyptian sauropod reveals Late Cretaceous dinosaur dispersal between Europe and Africa" . Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (3): 445–451. Bibcode:2018NatEE...2..445S. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0455-5. ISSN   2397-334X. PMID   29379183.
  14. ↑ Gorscak, Eric; Lamanna, Matthew C.; Schwarz, Daniela; Díaz, Verónica Díez; Salem, Belal S.; Sallam, Hesham M.; Wiechmann, Marc Filip (2022-12-14). "A new titanosaurian (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Quseir Formation of the Kharga Oasis, Egypt". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 42 (6) e2199810. Bibcode:2022JVPal..42E9810G. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2023.2199810 . ISSN   0272-4634.
  15. ↑ Saber, Sara; Salem, Belal S.; Ouda, Khaled; Gohar, Abdullah S.; El-Sayed, Sanaa; Sallam, Hesham M. (January 2025). "A long-snouted dyrosaurid (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Campanian Quseir Formation of Egypt" . Cretaceous Research. 165 105982. Bibcode:2025CrRes.16505982S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105982.
  16. ↑ Saber, Sara; Sertich, Joseph J.W.; Sallam, Hesham M.; Ouda, Khaled A.; O'Connor, Patrick M.; Seiffert, Erik R. (2018). "An enigmatic crocodyliform from the Upper Cretaceous Quseir Formation, central Egypt". Cretaceous Research. 90: 174–184. Bibcode:2018CrRes..90..174S. doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2018.04.004 .
  17. ↑ Sara Saber, Belal S Salem, Khaled Ouda, Abdullah S Gohar, Sanaa El-Sayed, Patrick M O’Connor, Hesham M Sallam, An early dyrosaurid (Wadisuchus kassabi gen. et sp. nov.) from the Campanian of Egypt sheds light on the origin and biogeography of Dyrosauridae, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 205, Issue 2, October 2025, zlaf134, https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf134
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