| Remototrachyna sipmaniana | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Parmeliaceae |
| Genus: | Remototrachyna |
| Species: | R. sipmaniana |
| Binomial name | |
| Remototrachyna sipmaniana Kukwa & Flakus (2012) | |
Remototrachyna sipmaniana is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is only known to occur in Bolivia, where it grows on boulders in Yungas mountain cloud forests.
Remototrachyna sipmaniana was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Martin Kukwa and Adam Flakus. The type specimen was collected by the first author in Carrasco National Park (Carrasco Province) at an altitude of 2,850 m (9,350 ft); here, in a montane cloud forest close to a river, the lichen was found growing on a rock. The specific epithet honours Dutch lichenologist Harrie Sipman, "an eminent lichenologist dealing with tropical lichens, and co-author of the monograph of the genus Hypotrachyna in the Neotropics". [1]
The lichen has a leafy, gray to whitish-gray thallus measuring 10–20 cm (4–8 in) wide. The lobes comprising the thallus are typically 5–8 mm wide with a thin black rim around the margins. The medulla is white, while the thallus undersurface is shiny, smooth, and black. Black to dark brown rhizines serve as holdfasts to help attach the lichen to its substrate. On the thallus surface rest the apothecia, which are cup-shaped with a concave, light brown disc, and measure 2–5 mm wide. Ascospores are hyaline with an ellipsoid shape, and dimensions of 9.5–11 by 5.5–6 μm. Lichen products that have been detected in this species include atranorin, protocetraric acid, and gyrophoric acid as major components, and minor amounts of lecanoric acid. [1]
Sagenidiopsis isidiata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) byssoid lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Found in tropical montane rainforests throughout Central America, South America, and the Antilles, it was described as new to science in 2011. The lichen is characterised by its cream-coloured to greyish thallus and numerous pseudoisidia, which are small, cylindrical outgrowths on its surface.
Remototrachyna is a genus of foliose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. It was separated from the genus Hypotrachyna based on the structure of the excipulum and genetic differences.
Hypotrachyna vainioi is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Brazil.
Punctelia reddenda is a widely distributed species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in Africa, Europe, North America, and South America, where it grows on bark and on rock.
Punctelia hypoleucites, commonly known as the southwestern speckled shield lichen, is a species of foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. First formally described by Finnish botanist William Nylander as a species of Parmelia, it was transferred to the genus Punctelia in 1982. The lichen is found in Africa, North America, and South America, where it grows on the bark of both hardwood and coniferous trees. Its greenish-grey thallus is covered with tiny white pseudocyphellae – minute holes in the thallus surface that facilitate gas exchange. Some macroscopic features that help distinguish this species from other related members of the genus include the presence and the structure of the apothecia, the absence of asexual surface propagules, and the light brown color of the thallus undersurface. Chemically, the presence of lecanoric acid in the medulla and atranorin in the cortex help distinguish it from lookalikes.
Henricus (Harrie) Johannes Maria Sipman is a Dutch lichenologist. He specialises in tropical and subtropical lichens, and has authored or co-authored more than 250 scientific publications. He was the curator of the lichen herbarium at the Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum from 1983 until his retirement in 2010.
Fuscidea multispora is a species of foliicolous (leaf-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Fuscideaceae. Found in Bolivia, it is known to occur only in a single high-altitude locality in a national park, where it grows on the leaves of coniferous trees from the genus Podocarpus.
Architrypethelium penuriixanthum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Bolivia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists Adam Flakus and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected near Sehuencas village, Carrasco Province ; there, at an elevation of 2,220 m (7,280 ft) it was found in a mountainous Yungas cloud forest. It is similar to Architrypethelium hyalinum, but unlike that species, does not have lichexanthone in its thallus. The species epithet penuriixanthum alludes to the absence of xanthones.
Astrothelium bullatum is a rare species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Bolivia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists Adam Flakus and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected in the Cotapata National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area at an altitude of 1,700 m (5,600 ft); there, in a mountainous Yungas cloud forest, it was found growing on bark. It is only known to occur at the type locality. The lichen has a strongly bullate thallus, and it is this feature to which the species epithet bullatum refers.
Astrothelium elixii is a rare species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in the Beni Biological Station Biosphere Reserve in Bolivia.
Astrothelium neodiplocarpum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Bolivia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists Adam Flakus, Martin Kukwa, and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected from Santa Catalina village above Tunkini in the Cotapata National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area at an altitude of 1,700 m (5,600 ft); there, in a Yungas mountainous cloud forest, it was found growing on bark. It is only known to occur in this habitat in Bolivia. The species epithet alludes to its similarity with Astrothelium diplocarpum, from which it differs by the absence of pigment in the medulla and in the amyloid staining reaction of its ascospores.
Astrothelium nigrocacuminum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Bolivia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists Adam Flakus, Martin Kukwa, and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected between Apolo and Mapiri villages at an altitude of 1,120 m (3,670 ft); there, in a sub-Andean Amazon forest, it was found growing on bark. It is only known to occur in the type locality. The species epithet alludes to the blackened tops of the ascomata, which protrude from the thallus. Astrothelium megochroleucum is most similar in appearance, but, unlike A. nigrocacuminum, that species has apical ostioles and stroma that fluoresce when lit with a long-wavelength UV light.
Astrothelium variabile is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Bolivia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists Adam Flakus and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected near the biological station in the Beni Biological Station Biosphere Reserve at an altitude of 175 m (574 ft); there, in a lowland Amazon forest, it was found growing on bark in Beni savanna. It is only known to occur in this type of habitat in Bolivia. The species epithet variabile alludes to the variable amounts of lichexanthone in different regions of the thallus. This is a lichen product that causes parts of the lichen to fluoresce when lit with a long-wavelength UV light. Astrothelium ochroleucoides is somewhat similar in external appearance, but it has smaller ascospores than A. variabile.
Astrothelium carrascoense is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Bolivia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists Adam Flakus, Martin Kukwa, and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by the first author near Sehuencas in Carrasco National Park at an altitude of 2,250 m (7,380 ft); there it was found growing on bark along a river in a Yungas cloud forest. Its species epithet refers to the type locality, the only place it is known to occur. The lichen has large, singly occurring ascomata that are completely covered by the green thallus. Its ascospores are narrowly ellipsoid and slightly curved, measuring 150–210 by 40–50 μm. Astrothelium meristosporum is somewhat similar in appearance, but can be distinguished by its narrower (25–40 μm) ascospores than have a distinct septum in the middle, and the ostioles (pores) of its ascomata.
Bathelium pruinosum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Bolivia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists Adam Flakus, Martin Kukwa, and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected north of San Borja ) at an altitude of 190 m (620 ft); there, the lichen was found growing on bark in a lowland Amazon forest surrounded by Beni savanna. It contains lichexanthone, a lichen product that causes it to fluoresce yellow when lit with a long-wavelength UV light. The species epithet refers to the pruina on both the thallus and pseudostromata.
Polymeridium xanthoexcentricum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in southwestern Bolivia.
Dictyomeridium lueckingii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Bolivia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Adam Flakus and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by the first author from Entre Ríos near Soledad at an elevation of 1,700 m (5,600 ft). It is only known to occur at the type locality, in the Tucumano-Boliviano montane forest. The species epithet honours German lichenologist Robert Lücking, "for his magnificent contribution to the knowledge of tropical lichens, on the occasion of his 50th birthday".
Cladonia vescula is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It is known for its small size and unique chemical composition. It can be found in the montane cloud forests and pre-Andean Amazonian forests of Bolivia and Peru, where it grows on mineral soil mixed with humus. This species closely resembles Cladonia peziziformis and Cladonia corymbosula in morphology, but it is more slender and almost entirely lacking a cortex.
Asterothyrium vezdae is a species of foliicolous (leaf-dwelling) lichen in the family Gomphillaceae. It is found in Bolivia, where it grows on the leaves of vascular plants in the Amazon rainforest. The lichen is distinguished from its closest relative, Asterothyrium octomerum, by the larger number of septa in its ascospores, and its and black apothecia.
Sarcogyne brunnea is a species of saxicolous and terricolous, crustose lichen in the family Acarosporaceae. It is found at high altitudes in arid regions of the Andes, growing on volcanic rock and soil. It has an areolate and densely pruinose brown thallus.