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Raffinose is a trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose. It can be found in beans, cabbage, brussels sprouts, broccoli, asparagus, other vegetables, and whole grains. Raffinose can be hydrolyzed to D-galactose and sucrose by the enzyme α-galactosidase (α-GAL), an enzyme which in the lumen of the human digestive tract is only produced by bacteria in the large intestine. α-GAL also hydrolyzes other α-galactosides such as stachyose, verbascose, and galactinol, if present. The enzyme does not cleave β-linked galactose, as in lactose.
α-Galactosidase is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that catalyses the following reaction:
In enzymology, a 1,4-alpha-glucan 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction that transfers an alpha-D-glucosyl residue in a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan to the primary hydroxyl group of glucose or 1,4-alpha-D-glucan.
Sialyltransferases are enzymes that transfer sialic acid to nascent oligosaccharide. Each sialyltransferase is specific for a particular sugar substrate. Sialyltransferases add sialic acid to the terminal portions of the sialylated glycolipids (gangliosides) or to the N- or O-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins.
Pectinesterase (EC 3.1.1.11; systematic name pectin pectylhydrolase) is a ubiquitous cell-wall-associated enzyme that presents several isoforms that facilitate plant cell wall modification and subsequent breakdown. It catalyzes the following reaction:
For beta-glucuronidase, see Beta-glucuronidase
In enzymology, a xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.151) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-L-rhamnose phosphorylase is an enzyme with systematic name beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-L-rhamnose:phosphate 1-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
GDP-Man:Man2GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase is an enzyme with systematic name GDP-D-mannose:D-Man-alpha-(1->3)-D-Man-beta-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-beta-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol alpha-6-mannosyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Dolichyl-P-Man:Man8GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase is an enzyme with systematic name dolichyl beta-D-mannosyl phosphate:D-Man-alpha-(1->2)-D-Man-alpha-(1->2)-D-Man-alpha-(1->3)-(D-Man-alpha- -D-Man-alpha- - -D-Man-alpha- )-D-Man-beta-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-beta-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol 2-alpha-D-mannosyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
The enzyme Rhamnogalacturonan acetylesterase is an enzyme catalyses the reaction
Endo-α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.97, endo-α-acetylgalactosaminidase, endo-α-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminidase, mucinaminylserine mucinaminidase, D-galactosyl-3-(N-acetyl-α-D-galactosaminyl)-L-serine mucinaminohydrolase, endo-α-GalNAc-ase, D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-galactosaminohydrolase) is an enzyme with systematic name glycopeptide-D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-galactosaminohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Lacto-N-biosidase (EC 3.2.1.140) is an enzyme with systematic name oligosaccharide lacto-N-biosylhydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Hesperidin 6-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-beta-D-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.168) is an enzyme with systematic name hesperetin 7-(6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside) 6-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-glucohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase is an enzyme with systematic name rhamnogalacturonan alpha-D-GalA-(1->2)-alpha-L-Rha hydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Rhamnogalacturonan galacturonohydrolase is an enzyme with systematic name rhamnogalacturonan oligosaccharide alpha-D-GalA-(1->2)-alpha-L-Rha galacturonohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Alpha-D-xyloside xylohydrolase is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Rhamnogalacturonan exolyase is an enzyme with systematic name α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-D-galactopyranosyluronate exolyase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
The enzyme Rhamnogalacturonan endolyase is an enzyme with systematic name α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-D-galactopyranosyluronate endolyase. catalyses the following process:
References
- ↑ Pitson SM, Mutter M, van den Broek LA, Voragen AG, Beldman G (January 1998). "Stereochemical course of hydrolysis catalysed by alpha-L-rhamnosyl and alpha-D-galacturonosyl hydrolases from Aspergillus aculeatus". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 242 (3): 552–9. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.8009. PMID 9464254.
- ↑ Mutter M, Beldman G, Schols HA, Voragen AG (September 1994). "Rhamnogalacturonan alpha-L-rhamnopyranohydrolase. A novel enzyme specific for the terminal nonreducing rhamnosyl unit in rhamnogalacturonan regions of pectin". Plant Physiology. 106 (1): 241–50. doi:10.1104/pp.106.1.241. PMC 159522 . PMID 7972516.
