| Rhododendron rugosum | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | Rhododendron |
| Species: | R. rugosum |
| Binomial name | |
| Rhododendron rugosum | |
| Varieties [2] | |
| |
Rhododendron rugosum is a species of rhododendron native to Borneo. It is found in the high mountains, including Mount Kinabalu, in Sabah state of northeastern Borneo. [1]
Rhododendron rugosum is a shrub or small tree which grows up to 8 metres in height. It grows as an epiphyte or as a terrestrial plant.
Rhododendron rugosum has two subspecies. Rhododendron rugosum var. rugosum grows on Mount Kinabalu, Mount Trus Madi, and Mount Alab in Sabah, with an uncertain record of occurrence on Mount Murud in Sarawak. Rhododendron rugosum var. laeve is found only on Mount Kinabalu. The species' extent of occurrence (EOO) is approximately 6,968 km2. [1]
It is native to upper montane rain forest and subalpine shrubland and alpine meadows from 2,000 to 3,500 metres elevation. It grows in varying habitats, from shady locations in low mossy forests to sunny exposed locations on rocky ridges. [1]
Rhododendron rugosum lives at high elevations where deforestation is limited, and part of its range is in protected areas including Kinabalu Park. Its conservation status is assessed as Least Concern. [1]
Mount Kinabalu is the highest mountain in Borneo and Malaysia. With an elevation of 4,095 metres (13,435 ft), it is third-highest peak of an island on Earth, and 20th most prominent mountain in the world. The mountain is located in Ranau district, West Coast Division of Sabah, Malaysia. It is protected as Kinabalu Park, a World Heritage Site.
Kinabalu Park, established as one of the first national parks of Malaysia in 1964, is Malaysia's first World Heritage Site designated by UNESCO in December 2000 for its "outstanding universal values" and the role as one of the most important biological sites in the world with more than 4,500 species of flora and fauna, including 326 bird and around 100 mammal species, and over 110 land snail species.
Nepenthes villosa, or the villose pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Mount Kinabalu and neighbouring Mount Tambuyukon in northeastern Borneo. It grows at higher elevations than any other Bornean Nepenthes species, occurring at elevations of over 3,200 m (10,500 ft). Nepenthes villosa is characterised by its highly developed and intricate peristome, which distinguishes it from the closely related N. edwardsiana and N. macrophylla.
Nepenthes lowii, or Low's pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. It is named after Hugh Low, who discovered it on Mount Kinabalu. This species is perhaps the most unusual in the genus, being characterised by its strongly constricted upper pitchers, which bear a greatly reduced peristome and a reflexed lid with numerous bristles on its lower surface.
Paphiopedilum ooii is a species of slipper orchid native to Mount Kinabalu on Borneo. It is named after Michael Ooi, a slipper orchid enthusiast from Malaysia. The plant blooms in the spring to early summer with a spike that can reach up to 2 meters and produce up to 17 flowers.
Paphiopedilum rothschildianum, commonly known as the Gold of Kinabalu orchid or Rothschild's slipper orchid, is a large sized clear-leafed species of orchid. It blooms with a tall inflorescence with up to six, large flowers. It is unique in the Corypetalum group by holding its petals almost horizontally, giving the flower a very distinctive appearance. The peak flowering period is from April to May.
Dacrydium gracile is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is found only in Malaysian Borneo.
The mountain blackeye, sometimes referred to as the olive blackeye or simply black-eye, is a species of passerine bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to the highest mountains on the island of Borneo. It is known from both Malaysian states on the island, and four of the five Indonesian provinces, but has never been recorded in Brunei. Typically found at elevations above 1,800 m (5,900 ft), the mountain blackeye sometimes moves to lower altitudes during periods of drought. There are four subspecies, which show clinal variations in size and coloring. Birds in the north are largest, darkest, and proportionately longer-tailed, while those further south are smaller, paler, and proportionately shorter-tailed. Adults are dark olive-green with a sharply-pointed, bright yellow-orange bill and a small dark mask connecting black lores with a black eye-ring. The subspecies show varying amounts of yellow in their plumage, particularly on the face and underparts. Young birds resemble their parents, but have less brightly colored bills.
Melicope jugosa is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae. It is endemic to Borneo where it is found only on Mount Kinabalu and Mount Tambuyukon in Sabah. It is known from only two locations, and has an estimated area of occupancy (AOO) of 20 km2, and an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 78.379 km2.
Shorea symingtonii is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to Sabah in Borneo.
Dalrympelea stipulacea is a species of plant in the family Staphyleaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo where it is confined to Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysia.
The Kinabalu shrew is a species in the family Soricidae. It is endemic to the mountain Mount Kinabalu on Borneo, and its sister peak, Mount Tambuyukon.
The Borneo montane rain forests is an ecoregion on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. It includes montane tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, also known as a cloud forests. The ecoregion is partly in East Malaysia and Indonesia (Kalimantan).
Quercus lowii is a species of oak (Quercus) native to the mountains of northern Borneo.
Symplocos buxifolioides is a tree in the family Symplocaceae, native to Borneo. The specific epithet buxifolioides refers to the species' resemblance to Symplocos buxifolia.
Rhododendron lowii is a species of rhododendron native to Borneo. It is found in the Crocker Range and Mount Kinabalu of Sabah state, in the northeastern portion of the island.
Symplocos laeteviridis is a plant in the family Symplocaceae, native to tropical Asia. The specific epithet laeteviridis means "bright green" and refers to the leaves.
Rhododendron buxifolium is a species of rhododendron native to Borneo. It is a shrub or small tree, found only at high elevations on Mount Kinabalu in Malaysia's Sabah state.
Rhododendron fallacinum is a species of rhododendron native to Borneo.
Pterophylla clemensiae, formerly known as Weinmannia clemensiae, is a species of plant in the family Cunoniaceae. It is endemic to Borneo. It is a tree or treelet growing up to 10 metres tall.
