Rosa 'Soleil d'Or' is a Foetida hybrid rose cultivar, bred by Joseph Pernet-Ducher and introduced on November 1, 1900. It is the ancestor of all modern Hybrid tea roses and the first yellow-orange rose. Pernet-Ducher later crossed 'Soleil d'Or' with Tea roses to create a new class known as Pernetiana roses.
'Soleil d'Or' is a vigorous, upright Foetida hybrid rose, 3 to 5 ft (90–150cm) in height, with a 3 ft (90cm) spread. The flowers are large with a flat, cup-shaped form. Flowers are borne singly or in small clusters. Bloom size is 2.4 in (6cm) on average. 'Soleil d'Or' has a strong, spicy fragrance. The flower color is a blend of orange, yellow, apricot and pink. Orange-yellow outer petals curve inward with a pink-rose interior and a yellow reverse. The rose has strong stems covered in large, thick thorns. The plant is susceptible to blackspot and thrives in hot climates. 'Soleil d'Or' will sometime have a repeat flowering.[1][2]
History
Pernet-Ducher
Rosa foetida
Joseph Pernet was born near Lyon, France, in 1859. His father, Jean Pernet, (1832-1896) was a successful nurseryman and a 2nd generation rosarian. Joseph worked at his father's nursery until 1879, when he was hired as an apprentice by nursery owner and rose breeder, Claude Ducher. Ducher introduced many rose cultivars in the 1800's, including the Hybrid Perpetual 'Gloire de Ducher' and two popular Tea roses, 'Marie van Hourte' (1871) and 'Anna Olivier' (1872). After Ducher's death in 1874, his widow, Marie Serlin Ducher (1834-1881) promoted Pernet to nursery foreman. Pernet married Ducher's daughter, Marie, in 1882 and took the name "Pernet-Ducher.[3][4]
During the 1880s, Pernet-Ducher and Jean Pernet developed a rose breeding program to develop a new class of Hybrid teas and create a remontant, deep yellow Hybrid perpetual. The only yellow roses at the time were pale yellow or buff colored. They bred their new rose varieties using controlled pollination with great success and were able to create many popular new cultivars, including 'Madame Caroline Testout' (1890) and 'Mme Abel Chatenay' (1895).[1]
'Soleil d'Or'
"'This was an epoch-making rose — the first hardy repeat-flowering orange-yellow rose. Every modern yellow rose owes its coloring to Pernet-Ducher's cross."
In 1887, Pernet-Ducher and Pernet crossed the red Hybrid perpetual, 'Antoine Ducher' with Rosa foetida, which Pernet-Ducher selected for its bright, long-lasting yellow color. One seedling survived the hybridization process and was planted in Pernet-Ducher's garden.[4] Two years later, he noticed a new seedling growing alongside the original Foetida hybrid planting. It grew to be an exceptional floriferous rose with large blooms and a unique and beautiful blended color of pink, peach, yellow, and apricot. He named the seedling 'Soleil d'Or' (golden sun).[3]
After Jean Pernet died in 1896,[5] Pernet-Ducher continued their rose breeding program. He introduced 'Soleil d'Or' on November 1, 1900. All modern yellow roses are descended from this cultivar, which is the first of the Pernetiana rose class and the ancestor of all modern Hybrid tea roses. 'Soleil d'Or' was not the peak of Pernet-Ducher's career. He continued to develop new roses, crossing 'Soleil d'Or' with hardy Tea roses, with the goal of improving hardiness, flowering and the introduction of new color varieties. During his long career, Pernet-Ducher created an entirely new color range of roses, which included bright yellow, apricot, copper, new orange shades, lavender, new blended colors and bicolors.[3]
Child plants
Rosa 'Madame Edouard Herriot', (Pernet-Ducher, 1907)[6]
Rosa 'Arthur R. Goodwin', sport, (Pernet-Ducher, 1909)[6]
Hybrid tea is an informal horticultural classification for a group of garden roses. The first hybrid tea roses were created in France in the mid-1800s, by cross-breeding the large, floriferous Hybrid Perpetuals with the tall, elegant Tea roses. The Hybrid tea is the oldest class of Modern garden roses. Hybrid teas exhibit traits midway between both parents, being hardier than the often delicate Tea roses, and with a better ability for repeat-flowering than the more robust Hybrid Perpetuals.
Jean Claude Pernet, père was a French nurseryman and rose breeder, best known for his Hybrid Perpetual and Bourbon rose varieties. His most popular roses include 'Baroness Rothschild' (1868), 'Merveille de Lyon (1882), and 'Triomphe des Noisettes' (1887). His father, Claude Pernet, and son Joseph Pernet-Ducher were also influential nursery owners and rose breeders.
Joseph Pernet-Ducher (1859–1928) was a French rose breeder who is recognized for his work in the development of the modern Hybrid tea rose. Pernet and his father, Jean Pernet, worked together in the 1880s to develop the first yellow remontant Hybrid perpetual rose. After Jean Pernet's death in 1896, Pernet-Ducher continued their work and later introduced 'Soleil d'Or' in 1900. 'Soleil d'Or' initiated a new class of tea roses known as Pernetiana roses and is considered the ancestor of the modern Hybrid tea rose.
Garden roses are predominantly hybrid roses that are grown as ornamental plants in private or public gardens. They are one of the most popular and widely cultivated groups of flowering plants, especially in temperate climates. An enormous number of garden cultivars have been produced, especially over the last two centuries, though roses have been known in the garden for millennia beforehand. While most garden roses are grown for their flowers, often in dedicated rose gardens, some are also valued for other reasons, such as having ornamental fruit, providing ground cover, or for hedging.
Rosa 'Wife of Bath', is a pink shrub rose cultivar developed by David C.H. Austin in England in 1969. It was one of his early cultivars and is named after a character from Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. 'Rosarium Glücksburg' is a rose garden in the park of Schloss Glücksburg in Glücksburg, Germany.
Rosa 'Perle d'Or' is an apricot blend Polyantha rose cultivar bred by Joseph Rambaux in 1875 and introduced by Francis Dubreuil in France in 1883. 'Perle d'Or' was granted several awards, including the Lyon Gold Medal in 1883, and the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit in 1993.
Rosa 'Charles Austin' is an apricot shrub rose cultivar bred and introduced by David Austin in England in 1973. The rose was hybridised by crossing the English rose 'Chaucer' with the pink Hybrid Tea 'Aloha' and is named after the breeder's father. It was one of the early English roses.
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Rosa 'Primevère' is a yellow hybrid wichurana, a large-flowered climbing rose. The cultivar was bred by French rose breeder, René Barbier in 1929. It is thought to be the best yellow large-flowered Wichurana rambler.
Rosa 'Madame Caroline Testout' is a bright pink hybrid tea rose, bred by French rosarian, Joseph Pernet-Ducher. The pink, fragrant rose has been a very popular rose worldwide since its introduction in 1890. It is recognized by the city of Portland as being an important contributor to its worldwide reputation as the "City of Roses"
Rosa 'Léontine Gervais' is an apricot-blend Hybrid wichurana rose cultivar, bred by French rose breeder, René Barbier in 1903. A best selling and popular rambler in the early 20th century, it is often confused with another Barbier rambler, 'Francois Juranville'.
Rosa 'Souvenir de Claudius Pernet' is a medium yellow Hybrid tea rose, bred by French rose breeder, Joseph Pernet-Ducher before 1919. He named the rose for his son Claudius, who was killed in action in World War I. 'Souvenir de Claudius Pernet' is one of the ancestors of the famous 'Peace' rose.
Rosa 'Margaret McGredy' is an orange-red hybrid tea rose, bred by Irish rose breeder Sam McGredy III before 1925. The new rose was awarded the Royal National Rose Society (RNRS) Gold Medal in 1925, but was never commercially successful. 'Margaret McGredy, along with an unnamed seedling, was used to hybridize the legendary hybrid tea rose, 'Peace'.
Rosa 'Joanna Hill' is a yellow hybrid tea rose, bred by American rose breeder, Joseph H. Hill in 1928. 'Joanna Hill is one of the ancestors of the legendary hybrid tea rose, 'Peace'.
Rosa 'Queen of Sweden' is a pink shrub rose cultivar, bred by British rose breeder, David C. H. Austin, and introduced into the UK by David Austin Roses Limited (UK) in 2004. The rose is part of the David Austin English Rose Collection.
Rosa 'Baroness Rothchild' is a pink Hybrid Perpetual rose cultivar, bred by Jean Pernet in 1868 and introduced in Australia by St. Kilda Nurseries in 1873 as 'Baroness Rothschild'.
Rosa 'Lady of Shalott' is an apricot-orange shrub rose cultivar, bred by British rose breeder, David C. H. Austin and introduced into the UK by David Austin Roses Limited (UK) in 2009. 'Lady of Shalott' is part of the David Austin English Rose Collection. It was awarded the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit in 2012 and the American Garden Rose Selections award in 2017.
Rosa 'Teasing Georgia' is a yellow blend shrub rose cultivar, bred by British rose breeder, David C. H. Austin in 1987 and introduced into the UK by David Austin Roses Limited (UK) in 1998. 'Teasing Georgia' is part of the David Austin English Rose Collection and named in honour of German journalist, Georgia Tornow.
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