| Salvia xalapensis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lamiaceae |
| Genus: | Salvia |
| Species: | S. xalapensis |
| Binomial name | |
| Salvia xalapensis Benth. [1] | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Salvia xalapensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to Mexico. [1] Compounds obtained from Salvia xalapensis have been investigated for their possible medical or insecticidal uses.
Salvia xalapensis is one of a number of Salvia species whose phytochemistry has been investigated, for taxonomic reasons and to study the biological activity of the compounds present, which might have medical or insecticidal uses. Four new diterpenes were among the 13 different compounds isolated from three populations of Salvia xalapensis. Two of the diterpenes had a novel molecular skeleton. [2] An in vitro study showed that the diterpene salvixalapadiene obtained from Salvia xalapensis had potential as an insecticide against Drosophila melanogaster . [3]
Salvia xalapensis was first described by George Bentham in 1848. [4] In 1844, Martin Martens and Henri Guillaume Galeotti published the name Salvia polystachya. As of May 2024 [update] , Plants of the World Online regarded this as an illegitimate synonym of Salvia xalapensis. [1] In 1791, Antonio José Cavanilles had described a different species as Salvia polystachia [5] (also spelt Salvia polystachya [6] ).
The Lamiaceae or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, hyssop, thyme, lavender, and perilla, as well as other medicinal herbs such as catnip, salvia, bee balm, wild dagga, and oriental motherwort. Some species are shrubs, trees, or, rarely, vines. Many members of the family are widely cultivated, not only for their aromatic qualities, but also their ease of cultivation, since they are readily propagated by stem cuttings. Besides those grown for their edible leaves, some are grown for decorative foliage. Others are grown for seed, such as Salvia hispanica (chia), or for their edible tubers, such as Plectranthus edulis, Plectranthus esculentus, Plectranthus rotundifolius, and Stachys affinis. Many are also grown ornamentally, notably coleus, Plectranthus, and many Salvia species and hybrids.
Salvia yangii, previously known as Perovskia atriplicifolia, and commonly called Russian sage, is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant and subshrub. Although not previously a member of Salvia, the genus widely known as sage, since 2017 it has been included within them. It has an upright habit, typically reaching 0.5–1.2 metres tall, with square stems and gray-green leaves that yield a distinctive odor when crushed. It is best known for its flowers. Its flowering season extends from mid-summer to late October, with blue to violet blossoms arranged into showy, branched panicles.
Monardella is a genus of approximately 40 species of annual and perennial plants native to western North America from British Columbia to northwestern Mexico. They are grown for their highly aromatic foliage, which in some species is used for herbal teas. The two-lipped, tubular flowers are formed in terminal clusters and are most usually red, pink, or purple.
Monardella odoratissima is a perennial flowering plant. It is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae. It has the minty odor characteristic of this family. In 2020, Monardella villosa was included in M. odoratissima. As of April 2024, acceptance of the inclusion varies.
Lepechinia is a genus of plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It includes several species of plants known commonly as pitchersages. Plants of this genus can be found in Central and South America, Mexico, California, Hispaniola, and Hawaii, although the species in Hawaii is probably a human introduction. Many of them bear attractive pitcher-shaped flowers, often in shades of purple. The genus was named for the Russian botanist Ivan Ivanovich Lepechin. In 2011, the two monotypic genera Chaunostoma and Neoeplingia were shown to be part of Lepechinia.
Salvia candelabrum is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to Spain. It is a woody-based perennial growing to 100 cm (39 in), with woolly grey-green leaves that resemble those of the common sage, S. officinalis, and emit a similar scent when crushed. In summer it bears violet-blue flowers on branching stems held high above the foliage.
Salvia forskaehlei, synonym Salvia forskohlei, is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae native to Bulgaria and Turkey. The spelling Salvia forsskaolei is also used. It is a herbaceous perennial plant. It grows up to 6,000 ft elevation in broad-leaved and coniferous forests, meadows, and on steep banks. It was named after Finnish explorer and naturalist Peter Forsskål, a student of Carl Linnaeus who collected plants in southwest Arabia in the 18th century.
Salvia indica is a species of herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae. It is native to a wide region of Western Asia that includes Israel, Iraq, Iran and Turkey. It was first described by the taxonomist Carl Linnaeus in 1753. It is unknown why he gave it the specific epithet indica, since the plant is not from India. While Salvia indica is classified as a herbaceous perennial, in cultivation individual plants often live no longer than two years.
Salvia involucrata, the roseleaf sage, is a species of flowering plant in the sage family Lamiaceae. This herbaceous perennial is native to the Mexican states of Puebla, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz, growing in shady places such as the edge of forests. Its specific epithet involucrata refers to the prominent flower bracts, which are large and colorful.
Salvia is the largest genus of plants in the sage family Lamiaceae, with nearly 1000 species of shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals. Within the Lamiaceae, Salvia is part of the tribe Mentheae within the subfamily Nepetoideae. One of several genera commonly referred to as sage, it includes two widely used herbs, Salvia officinalis and Salvia rosmarinus.
Salvia polystachia, also spelt Salvia polystachya, is a herbaceous perennial native to central Mexico and south through Central America into Panama, typically growing at elevations from 5,000 to 10,000 feet in mild climates where there is some summer rain. It one of the species used as chia and it is rarely seen in horticulture.
Salvia canescens, the hoary sage, is a herbaceous perennial that is endemic to the Caucasus mountains. The specific epithet, canescens, refers to the off-white hairs covering the leaves.
Lumnitzera is an Indo-West Pacific mangrove genus in the family Combretaceae. An English common name is black mangrove. Lumnitzera, named after the German botanist, Stephan Lumnitzer (1750-1806), occurs in mangroves from East Africa to the Western Pacific, and northern Australia.
Mesosphaerum suaveolens, synonym Hyptis suaveolens, chia, pignut, or chan, is a branching pseudocereal plant native to tropical regions of Mexico, Central, the West Indies, and South America, as well as being naturalized in tropical parts of Africa, Asia and Australia. It is generally 1–1.5 m (3.3–4.9 ft) tall, occasionally up to 3 m (9.8 ft). Stems are hairy, and square in cross section. Leaves are oppositely arranged, 2–10 cm (0.79–3.94 in) long, with shallowly toothed margins, and emit a strong minty odor if crushed. Flowers are pink or purple, arranged in clusters of 1–5 in the upper leaf axils.
Salvia personata is an annual herb that is native to valleys and foothills in the Andes of Bolivia and northern Argentina. It grows in disturbed bushy habitat at 600 to 2,600 m elevation.
Ian Charleson Hedge was a Scottish botanist at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Edinburgh. Hedge made important contributions to the flora of Iran and Iraq, and was a recognised authority on the flora of south-west Asia. He named more than 300 new plant species.
Salvia majdae is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1967 as Zhumeria majdae. When placed in the genus Zhumeria, it was the only species. It is a subshrub endemic to southern Iran.
Salvia dianthera, synonym Meriandra dianthera, is a species of plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is native to Eritrea, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and India.
Nepetoideae is a subfamily of plants in the family Lamiaceae.
Clinopodium gilliesii is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native from southern Peru through Bolivia to northern Chile and northern Argentina. It was first described by George Bentham in 1891 as Micromeria gilliesii.