| Sangihe scops owl | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Strigiformes |
| Family: | Strigidae |
| Genus: | Otus |
| Species: | O. collari |
| Binomial name | |
| Otus collari | |
The Sangihe scops owl (Otus collari) is an owl species endemic to the Sangihe Island of Indonesia. [3]
The Sangihe scops owl is relatively small. This bird has long narrow wings, a small beak and tail. The owl has weak toes and claws. The length of the owl's ear tufts is a moderate length. Their wing length is around 158–166 mm, and their average weight is 76 grams. The overall average length measurement of this bird is 7.5–7.8 inches tall. [4]
The scopes owls have a brown complexion to it. However, its facial disk has a pinch of white above the eyes. They have sporadic black streaks and patches as each bird is unique and excellent for camouflage in its forest habitat. The upper parts are brown with dark shaft streaks. The bird's eyes are yellow with red pupils. It has tan feathers in its midsection. Along with that, the Sangihe scops owl's call sounds similar to a frail whistle. Their call is high pitched and can last from 7–8 seconds long. [4]
The Sangihe scops owl is most likely part of a species group centered on O. Manadenis. Their original specimens were collected in 1866 and 1867. These owls were thought to be part of the O. Magicus for a little bit. However, in 1996, examination of photographs and vocalization revealed that their species had differences from both O. Mandenis and O. Magicus. These birds are very closely related to O. Mandenis because of their strong similarities but are considered to be a separate species. The Sangihe scops owl is one of the 17 species of scops owls that can be found in Indonesia and is a member of the Strigidae family. The nocturnal Sangihe scops owl is distinguished by its unique sounds, which resemble high pitched whistles. The subspecies of the Sangihe Scops owl is monotypic. [4]
Their diet consists of eating large insects, earthworms, small reptiles, mammals and birds. [5]
These birds do not have any danger that can threaten their population dramatically, but they still have minor threats. These threats consist of destruction of primary forest taking away their habitats. Along with that, these birds also have threats from larger species hunting the Sangihe Scops Owls. They are not globally threatened, and observations show that species readily tolerate human-altered habitats. However, there will always be environmental dangers such as deforestation and natural disasters. Their population ranges somewhere in between 10,000-25000 and has been confirmed to be sustained. These birds appear widespread and relatively common within the single-island range of the Sangihe Islands. [5]
These birds are exclusive to the islands of Sangihe, mainly in North Sangihe in Southeast Asia next to Indonesia. They favor forests and mixed plantations. It is common and widespread on the island. They commonly reside in agricultural areas with trees up to 1150 feet and bushes. [6]
The Philippine scops owl is a common owl, endemic to the Philippines, belonging to the family of the typical owls Strigidae. Other common names include "Otus Whitehead", "Whitehead scops owl" and "Luzon lowland scops owl". Everett's scops owl and Negros scops owls were formerly considered conspecific but are now classified as separate species.
The Moheli scops owl is a scops owl endemic to the island of Mohéli, one of the Comoro Islands.
The Anjouan scops owl is an owl endemic to the island of Anjouan in the Comoro Islands.
The African scops owl is a small owl which is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa.
The Flores scops owl is an owl endemic to the island of Flores, Indonesia. It is threatened by habitat loss. This owl is around 19–21 cm from head to tail. They are a forest dwelling owl that is smallish in size. Some 250–2,499 individuals are estimated to be extant in the wild, dwindling due to habitat loss.
The Rajah scops owl is a species of owl found on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. The bird is named after James Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak. Based on patterns of speciation in other endemic montane bird species of the same region, it may potentially have to be split into two distinct species; if so, the name Otus brookii would be restricted to just the Bornean population.
Wallace's scops owl is endemic to the Sumbawa and Flores islands, in the Lesser Sundas chain of Indonesia. It is not rare in most of its habitat and has no subspecies except for the nominate. It is also known as the Lesser Sunda scops owl. It is named after Alfred Russel Wallace, a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, and biologist.
The Luzon scops owl or the Luzon highland scops owl is a species of scops owl endemic to Luzon, Philippines. Not to be confused with the Philippine scops owl, sometimes referred to as the Luzon lowland scops owl, which is a more common species that shares the same range. The Luzon scops owl, however, is smaller and inhabits higher altitudes than its lowland relative.
Habitat: The Mindoro scops owl is an owl that is native to the Mindoro island in the Philippines. They live in a terrestrial environment and their main habitat consists of the highly elevated forests with a very small global range Meaning they do not migrate or have movement patterns. The ongoing clearance of forest habitats has slightly affected their habitat. As of October 1, 2016, the Mindoro Scops Owl species has been labeled to be a newly threatened species, or critically endangered species. For instance, the Montane forest has been almost completely cleared out by logging operations, which may pose a threat to this species.
The Moluccan scops owl is an owl found in the Maluku and Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia. It closely resembles the Rinjani scops owl.
The Simeulue scops owl is an owl species endemic to the island of Simeulue, Indonesia.
The Mantanani scops owl, is a small owl in the scops-owl genus Otus found on small islands between Borneo and the Philippines. It is listed by the IUCN as "near threatened" because its range is limited with its population being fragmented on several different islands, and its forest habitat is being degraded by ongoing logging and clearance.
The giant scops owl, lesser eagle-owl or the Mindanao eagle-owl, is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. In size and structure, it is considered intermediate between a scops owl and an eagle-owl. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The São Tomé scops owl is a species of owl in the true owl family, Strigidae. It is endemic to São Tomé Island, part of São Tomé and Príncipe, in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa.
The Mayotte scops owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is endemic to the island of Mayotte in the Comoros.
The Madagascar scops owl, also known as the Malagasy scops owl or Rainforest scops owl, is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found throughout Madagascar, now that it has recently been lumped with the Torotoroka scops owl, with which it was long considered a separate species from. The nominate O. r. rutilus is referred to as Rainforest scops owl.
The Rinjani scops owl is a species of scops owl found only on Lombok in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia and its neighbouring Gili Islands. The only bird species endemic to the island, it was first recognized as a separate species in September 2003 and was formally described in 2013.
The Negros scops owl, also known as the Visayan scops owl, is an owl, endemic to the islands of Negros and Panay in the Philippines, belonging to the family of the typical owls Strigidae. It was formerly classified as a subspecies of the Philippine scops owl. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting for the pet trade.
The Cyprus scops owl is a small owl endemic to Cyprus.
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