The ruddy woodcreeper is a passerine bird which breeds in the tropical New World from southern Mexico to northern Colombia and extreme northern Venezuela.
The Santa Marta blossomcrown is a Vulnerable species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of Colombia.
The Santa Marta sabrewing is a Critically Endangered species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of northeastern Colombia. It is one of 24 bird species that are endemic to the Santa Marta highlands.
"Colostethus" ruthveni is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is endemic to the Magdalena Department in northern Colombia. The specific name ruthveni honors Alexander Grant Ruthven, an American herpetologist. It is known from the lower slopes of the north-western portion of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Its natural habitats are tropical dry forests and cloud forests where it occurs near streams, and is threatened by habitat loss. Males of this species on average have a snout-vent length of 18.9–20.1 millimetres (0.74–0.79 in) whereas females average about 19.8–24.1 millimetres (0.78–0.95 in).
Serranobatrachus ruthveni is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to the north-western slope of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in the Magdalena Department, northern Colombia. The specific name ruthveni honors Alexander Grant Ruthven, an American herpetologist. Common name Ruthven's robber frog has been coined for this species.
The Santa Marta brushfinch is a species of bird in the family Passerellidae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia).
The red-rumped bush tyrant is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland.
The streak-capped spinetail is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
The smoky bush tyrant is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae.
The streak-throated bush tyrant is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae.
The Santa Marta tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of Colombia.
The rusty-headed spinetail is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
The Santa Marta wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to Colombia.
The Santa Marta foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the ruddy foliage-gleaner. Evidence suggests that it possibly should be moved to the genus Hylocryptus.
The Santa Marta antbird is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is endemic to humid foothill forests of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia, especially in association with bamboo. This 15 cm (6 in) bird is found at higher elevations. It was previously considered conspecific with the long-tailed antbird.
The following is a list of the 83 known endemic bird species in Colombia with notes about their general distribution. Twenty-three (28%) of the species are found only in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, an isolated mountain range in northern Colombia with a very high degree of endemism.
The Santa Marta páramo (NT1007) is an ecoregion containing páramo vegetation above the treeline in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain range on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. The isolated position of the range has allowed unique species to evolve. Some are related to those found in Central America and the Caribbean coastal areas, and some to species from the Andes. The habitat is relatively stable, but has been drastically changed from the original by long-term human activity.
The Santa Marta montane forests (NT0159) is an ecoregion in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, a massif on the Caribbean coast of northern Colombia. The ecoregion covers altitudes from near sea level up to around 3,300 metres (10,827 ft), where it gives way to Santa Marta páramo. The isolation of the massif and the range of elevations and climates has resulted in a wide variety of species including many endemics. The lower levels contained tropical rainforest, which has largely been cleared. Higher up, this gives way to cloud forest. Much of this has also been cleared for coffee plantations, pasture for sheep and cattle, and farming.
The spectacled tyrannulet, also known as specious tyrannulet or mountain tyrannulet, is a small passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family. It occurs in Venezuela and Colombia.
The Santa Marta screech owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found only in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of Colombia.
