Santa Marta sabrewing

Last updated

Santa Marta sabrewing
Campylopterus phainopeplus (53793112444).jpg
A male, from the rediscovery site January 2023 (Andrés M. Cuervo)
CITES Appendix II (CITES) [2]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Strisores
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Trochilidae
Genus: Campylopterus
Species:
C. phainopeplus
Binomial name
Campylopterus phainopeplus
Salvin & Godman, 1879
Campylopterus phainopeplus map.svg

The Santa Marta sabrewing (Campylopterus phainopeplus) is a Critically Endangered species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to the Guatapurí dry enclave on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, department of Cesar, northern Colombia. [3] [4] [5] It is one of 24 bird species that are endemic to the Santa Marta highlands. [6]

Contents

Taxonomy and systematics

Campylopterus phainopeplus has at times been placed in genus Saepiopterus. [7] It is monotypic. [3]

Description

The Santa Marta sabrewing is about 13 cm (5.1 in) long. Both sexes have a decurved black bill, with the female's having more curvature, and both have a white spot behind the eye. Males' upperparts are glittering emerald green. They have a black face; their throat and breast are iridescent blue and the rest of their underparts dark green. Their tail is dark steely blue. The female has shining green upperparts and mostly grayish white underparts with green flanks and undertail coverts. Its tail is mostly green with grayish tips on the outermost pair of feathers. [7]

Distribution and habitat

The Santa Marta sabrewing is known only from the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada, in the highlands of the Guatapurí basin, west of Valledupar in northern Colombia. Because it is far from Santa Marta, and it is a endemic to the most important basin in department of Cesar, a proposal to change its English standard name to Guatapurí sabrewing is being discussed [8] . It inhabits the edges of humid forest, plantations (especially of bananas), and bushy páramo. In elevation it ranges from 1,200 to 2,400 m (3,900 to 7,900 ft). [7]

Behavior

Movement

The Santa Marta sabrewing spends the dry season of February to May below 1,800 m (5,900 ft) and moves higher, even as far as the snow line, during the June to October wet season. [7] However, it is likely not as migratory as previously suspected. [5]

Feeding

Almost nothing is known about the Santa Marta sabrewing's feeding strategy or diet. It is known to feed on flowering banana ( Musa ) and to be territorial. [7]

Breeding

Santa Marta sabrewings in breeding condition have been found between April and June, and males have been seen displaying in June and July. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding phenology and its nest has not been described. [7]

Vocalization

As of mid-2022 only one recording of the Santa Marta sabrewing is known. It makes "a plaintive double 'twit-twit', both in flight and display." [7]

Status

A male, illustrated by J. G. Keulemans. CampylopterusOxypogonKeulemans, Campylopterus phainopeplus.jpg
A male, illustrated by J. G. Keulemans.

The IUCN originally assessed the Santa Marta sabrewing as Near Threatened, then in 2000 as Endangered, and since 2020 as Critically Endangered. It has a very small range and is thought to number fewer than 50 mature individuals. About 85% of the original vegetation within its range has been destroyed by logging and conversion to agriculture, grazing, and human habitation. What remains is degraded and fragmented. Further losses are expected due to human activity and climate change. The latter is causing the dry season to expand which increases the risk of fire. [1] Some details of habitat loss were published in 2016. [9]

Until about 1900 the Santa Marta Sabrewing was described as fairly common, and it was recorded intermittently until 1946. [1] It was not recorded again until 2010 and was then again "lost" until 2022, when its survival was confirmed by photographic evidence of an individual male, found by chance. [6] [10] [11]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Violet sabrewing</span> Species of hummingbird

The violet sabrewing is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of the subfamily Trochilinae. It is found from Mexico to Panama.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-tailed sabrewing</span> Species of hummingbird

The white-tailed sabrewing is a Near Threatened species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found on Tobago and in Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Marta blossomcrown</span> Species of hummingbird

The Santa Marta blossomcrown is a Vulnerable species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wedge-tailed sabrewing</span> Species of hummingbird

The wedge-tailed sabrewing is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Belize, Guatemala, Mexico, and possibly Honduras.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buff-breasted sabrewing</span> Species of hummingbird

The buff-breasted sabrewing, or sometimes Duida sabrewing, is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Brazil and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lazuline sabrewing</span> Species of hummingbird

The lazuline sabrewing is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rufous-breasted sabrewing</span> Species of hummingbird

The rufous-breasted sabrewing is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rufous sabrewing</span> Species of hummingbird

The rufous sabrewing is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Napo sabrewing</span> Species of hummingbird

The Napo sabrewing is a Near Threatened species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Marta woodstar</span> Species of hummingbird

The Santa Marta woodstar is a species of hummingbird in tribe Mellisugini of subfamily Trochilinae, the "bee hummingbirds". It is endemic to Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coppery emerald</span> Species of hummingbird

The coppery emerald is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-tailed starfrontlet</span> Species of hummingbird

The white-tailed starfrontlet is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of northeastern Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mountain velvetbreast</span> Species of hummingbird

The mountain velvetbreast is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-backed thornbill</span> Species of hummingbird

The black-backed thornbill is an Endangered species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of northern Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glow-throated hummingbird</span>

The glow-throated hummingbird is an Endangered species of hummingbird in tribe Mellisugini of subfamily Trochilinae, the "bee hummingbirds". It is endemic to a small area in the Talamanca range in Panama but has recently been shown to occur perhaps even more commonly in cerro Hoya nacional park Veraguas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Curve-winged sabrewing</span> Species of hummingbird

The curve-winged sabrewing is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Green-bearded helmetcrest</span> Species of hummingbird

The green-bearded helmetcrest is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blue-bearded helmetcrest</span> Species of hummingbird

The blue-bearded helmetcrest is a Critically Endangered species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of northern Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outcrop sabrewing</span> Species of hummingbird

The outcrop sabrewing or dry-forest sabrewing is a Vulnerable species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to eastern Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diamantina sabrewing</span> Species of hummingbird

The Diamantina sabrewing is a Near-threatened species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to southeastern Brazil.

References

  1. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2020). "Santa Marta Sabrewing Campylopterus phainopeplus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22687086A181107620. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22687086A181107620.en . Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  2. ↑ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. 1 2 Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (August 2022). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 12.2. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  4. ↑ HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip retrieved August 7, 2022
  5. 1 2 Botero-Delgadillo, Esteban; Lara, Carlos Esteban; Vega, Yurgen; Santos, María Paula; Zárrate, Diego; Cuervo, Andrés M.; Mittermeier, John C. (2024-03-19), Distribution, ecology, and natural history of the recently rediscovered and critically endangered Santa Marta Sabrewing, doi:10.1101/2024.03.18.581190 , retrieved 2024-06-15
  6. 1 2 Garg, Moohita Kaur (5 August 2022). "Rare hummingbird believed to be extinct spotted after ten years". wionews.com. WION. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Züchner, T., E. de Juana, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Santa Marta Sabrewing (Campylopterus phainopeplus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.samsab1.01 retrieved August 23, 2022
  8. ↑ Cuervo, Andrés (25 March 2024). "We have relocated a thriving population of the Guatapurí Sabrewing (aka Santa Marta Sabrewing), a microendemic hummingbird within an endemism hotspot".
  9. ↑ Renjifo, L.M.; cárdenas-ortiz, L; herrera, J.O.C. (2016). Libro Rojo de Aves de Colombia. Volumen II: Ecosistemas Abiertos, Secos, Insulares, Acuáticos Continentales, Marinos, Tierras Altas del Darién y Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta y Bosques Húmedos del Centro, Norte Y Oriente del País. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana & Instituto Alexander von Humboldt. pp. 219–221. ISBN   978-958-716-980-5.
  10. ↑ Cara, Ed (August 5, 2022). "One of the World's Rarest 'Lost Birds' Photographed in Colombia". Gizmodo. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  11. ↑ Green, Graeme (2022-08-05). "Rare hummingbird last seen in 2010 rediscovered in Colombia". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2023-04-30.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.