Sabrewing

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Sabrewing
White-tailed sabrewing.jpg
White-tailed sabrewing
Campylopterus ensipennis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Strisores
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Trochilidae
Tribe: Trochilini
Genus: Campylopterus
Swainson, 1827
Type species
Trochilus latipennis [1] = Trochilus largipennis
Latham, 1790
Species

10, see text

Sabrewing is the common name given to hummingbirds classified in the genus Campylopterus. The group includes ten species. They are Neotropical birds that inhabit mountainous forests, generally near streams.

Sabrewings are on average 12 to 15 cm long. Although small birds, they are relatively large compared to other hummingbirds. The bill is black, strong and slightly curved. The two outer primary remiges (flight feathers) are thick and curved, giving the wings a generally curved appearance. This characteristic is the origin of the common name "sabrewing" and the generic name Campylopterus, from the Greek kampulos (curved) + pteros (wing).

The plumage of sabrewings is based on brownish-green, cinnamon, gray and combinations. Some species have additional shades of violet, particularly on the head, tail and/or throat.

Sabrewings feed on flower nectar, like most hummingbirds, with a preference for flowers of the genus Heliconia .

Taxonomy

The genus Campylopterus was erected by the English naturalist William Swainson in 1827. [2] The type species was subsequently designated as the grey-breasted sabrewing. [3] The generic name combines the Ancient Greek kampulos meaning "curved" or "bent" and -pteros meaning "-winged". [4]

The sombre hummingbird and swallow-tailed hummingbird, formerly classified in Campylopterus, have been reclassified by most authorities into their own monotypic genera Aphantochroa and Eupetomena.

The genus contains 10 species: [5]

ImageNameCommon nameDistribution
Campylopterus largipennis 2.jpg Campylopterus largipennis Gray-breasted sabrewing Amazon rainforest
Campylopterus diamantinensis Diamantina sabrewing Brazil
Campylopterus calcirupicola Outcrop sabrewing Brazil
Campylopterus hyperythrus.jpg Campylopterus hyperythrus Rufous-breasted sabrewing Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela
Flickr - Rainbirder - White-tailed Sabrewing (Campylopterus ensipennis), crop.jpg Campylopterus ensipennis White-tailed sabrewing northeastern Venezuela and Tobago
Campylopterus falcatus.jpg Campylopterus falcatus Lazuline sabrewing Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela
CampylopterusOxypogonKeulemans, Campylopterus phainopeplus.jpg Campylopterus phainopeplus Santa Marta sabrewing Colombia
Fandanguero Morado, Violet Sabrewing, Campylopterus hemileucurus (11703081214), crop.jpg Campylopterus hemileucurus Violet sabrewing southern Mexico and Central America as far south as Costa Rica and western Panama
Campylopterus duidae Buff-breasted sabrewing Brazil and Venezuela
Campylopterus villaviscensio 2.jpg Campylopterus villaviscensio Napo sabrewing Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru

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References

  1. "Trochilidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-08-05.
  2. Swainson, William John (1827). "On several groups and forms in ornithology, not hitherto defined". Zoological Journal. 3: 343-363 [358].
  3. Peters, James Lee, ed. (1945). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 5. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 18.
  4. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p.  87. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.
  5. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2021). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 11.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 10 February 2021.