Sabrewing | |
---|---|
White-tailed sabrewing Campylopterus ensipennis | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Clade: | Strisores |
Order: | Apodiformes |
Family: | Trochilidae |
Tribe: | Trochilini |
Genus: | Campylopterus Swainson, 1827 |
Type species | |
Trochilus latipennis [1] = Trochilus largipennis Latham, 1790 | |
Species | |
10, see text |
The pufflegs are relatively medium-size to large Neotropical hummingbirds that form not only the genus Eriocnemis. They are species of the specialized understory and lowland forests, mostly in mountains, groves, and often near streams or swamps. The female Puffleg lays her two or three white eggs in a relatively large to very large cup-shaped nest on a low horizontal branch, usually over a stream or a winding river.
The pufflegs are very medium-size for hummingbirds, typically 6–9 cm long. The black bill is strong and slightly straight. The thighs of the male's puffy down feathers are either black, buffy, or white which gives the pufflegs their English and scientific names (Greek καμπυλος erio, "puff", and πτερον snemis, "leg").
In some species, the male and female plumage is similar, in others, such as the sapphire-vented puffleg, the sexes look completely different. In several species, the tails are forked.
The food of pufflegs is plant-tasting nectar, taken mainly from undergrowth flowers such as Heliconia and some fruit like berries. Most of them are herbivorous.
The genus Campylopterus was erected by the English naturalist William Swainson in 1827. [2] The type species was subsequently designated as the grey-breasted sabrewing. [3] The generic name combines the Ancient Greek kampulos meaning "curved" or "bent" and -pteros meaning "-winged". [4]
The sombre hummingbird and swallow-tailed hummingbird, formerly classified in Campylopterus, have been reclassified by most authorities into their own monotypic genera Aphantochroa and Eupetomena.
The genus contains 10 species: [5]
Image | Name | Common name | Distribution |
---|---|---|---|
Campylopterus largipennis | Gray-breasted sabrewing | Amazon rainforest | |
Campylopterus diamantinensis | Diamantina sabrewing | Brazil | |
Campylopterus calcirupicola | Outcrop sabrewing | Brazil | |
Campylopterus hyperythrus | Rufous-breasted sabrewing | Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela | |
Campylopterus ensipennis | White-tailed sabrewing | northeastern Venezuela and Tobago | |
Campylopterus falcatus | Lazuline sabrewing | Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela | |
Campylopterus phainopeplus | Santa Marta sabrewing | Colombia | |
Campylopterus hemileucurus | Violet sabrewing | southern Mexico and Central America as far south as Costa Rica and western Panama | |
Campylopterus duidae | Buff-breasted sabrewing | Brazil and Venezuela | |
Campylopterus villaviscensio | Napo sabrewing | Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru | |
The rufous hummingbird is a small hummingbird, about 8 cm (3.1 in) long with a long, straight and slender bill. These birds are known for their extraordinary flight skills, flying 2,000 mi (3,200 km) during their migratory transits. It is one of nine species in the genus Selasphorus.
The Namaqua dove is a small pigeon. It is the only species in the genus Oena. It is found over much of Sub-Saharan Africa as well as Arabia and Madagascar.
The white-tailed sabrewing is a Near Threatened species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found on Tobago and in Venezuela.
The half-collared kingfisher is a kingfisher in the subfamily Alcedininae that is found in southern and eastern Africa. It feeds almost exclusively on fish and frequents streams, rivers and larger bodies of water with dense shoreline vegetation.
Phaethornis is a genus of hummingbirds in the hermit subfamily, Phaethornithinae. They occur from southern Mexico, through Central America, to South America as far south as northern Argentina.
Melanerpes is a genus of woodpeckers of the family Picidae found in the New World. The 24 members of the genus are mostly colourful birds, conspicuously barred in black and white, with some red and yellow.
The long-tailed hermit is a large hummingbird that is a resident breeder in Venezuela, the Guianas, and north-eastern Brazil. This species was formerly referred to as the eastern long-tailed hermit.
The white-throated magpie-jay is a large Central American species of magpie-jay. It ranges in Pacific-slope thorn forest from Jalisco, Mexico, to Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Magpie-jays are noisy, gregarious birds, often traveling in easy-to-find flocks, mobbing their observers.
The true koels, Eudynamys, are a genus of cuckoos from Asia, Australia and the Pacific. They are large sexually dimorphic cuckoos that eat fruits and insects and have loud distinctive calls. They are brood parasites, laying their eggs in the nests of other species.
The broad-billed hummingbird is a small-sized hummingbird that resides in Mexico and the southwestern United States. The bird displays sexual dimorphism, and the juveniles resemble the female adult more than the male adult. The broad-billed hummingbird is a bright coloured bird with a broad and bright red bill. The bird is also known for its other common names – the Colibrí Pico Ancho in Spanish and Colibri circé in French. It is a diurnal bird.
Selasphorus is a genus of hummingbirds from Middle and North America.
The tomtit is a small passerine bird in the family Petroicidae, the Australasian robins. It is endemic to the islands of New Zealand, ranging across the main islands as well as several of the outlying islands. In the Māori language, the North Island tomtit is known as miromiro and the South Island tomtit is known as ngirungiru. This bird has several other Māori and English names as well. There are several subspecies showing considerable variation in plumage and size. The species is not threatened and has adapted to the changes made to New Zealand's biodiversity.
The grey-breasted sabrewing is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, the Guianas, Peru, and Venezuela.
The swallow-tailed hummingbird is a species in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae), found mainly in east-central South America. Most authorities place it in the genus Eupetomena, although some place it in Campylopterus based on song and the thick shafts of the males' first primaries. Its common name and specific epithet both refer to the long, deeply forked, somewhat swallow-like tail.
The reddish hermit is a species of bird in the family Trochilidae, the hummingbirds. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, and the Guianas.
Tigrisoma is a genus of herons in the family Ardeidae.
The rufescent tiger heron is a species of heron in the family Ardeidae. It is found in wetlands from Central America through much of South America.
Sporophila is a genus of Neotropical birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. The genus now includes the six seed finches that were previously placed in the genus Oryzoborus.
Lyrurus is a genus of birds in the grouse subfamily. They are known as black grouse because the male's plumage of both species is colored black as its base colour.
The fruit doves, also known as fruit pigeons, are a genus (Ptilinopus) of birds in the pigeon and dove family (Columbidae). These colourful, frugivorous doves are found in forests and woodlands in Southeast Asia and Oceania. It is a large genus with over 50 species, some threatened or already extinct.