Passerea

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Passerea
Temporal range: Early Paleocene–Holocene 62–0  Ma
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Possible an early origin based on molecular clock [1]
Stagonopleura bella male - Melaleuca.jpg
Beautiful firetail ( Stagonopleura bella )
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Infraclass: Neognathae
Clade: Neoaves
Clade: Passerea
Jarvis et al., 2014
Clades

Passerea is a clade of neoavian birds that was proposed by Jarvis et al. (2014). [2] Their genomic analysis recovered two major clades within Neoaves, Passerea and Columbea, and concluded that both clades appear to have many ecologically driven convergent traits.

According to Jarvis (2014), these convergences include the foot-propelled diving trait of grebes in Columbea with loons and cormorants in Passerea; the wading-feeding trait of flamingos in Columbea with ibises and egrets in Passerea; and pigeons and sandgrouse in Columbea with shorebirds (killdeer) in Passerea. For Jarvis (2014), these long-known trait and morphological alliances suggest that some of the traditional nongenomic trait classifications are based on polyphyletic assemblages.

Passerea was not recovered in other studies. [3] [1]

Phylogeny

Cladogram of Passerea relationships based on Jarvis et al. (2014) [2] with some clade names after Yuri et al. (2013) [4] and Kimball et al. 2013. [5]

 Passerea 
  Phaethoquornithes  
  Telluraves  

The following cladogram illustrates the proposed relationships between bird clades of Passerea. This consensus phylogeny of birds is based on phylogenomic data, reflecting a recent phylogenomic supertree analysis [6] and modified after two recent more recent phylogenomic studies. [7] [1]

 Passerea 
  Charadriiformes  

(waders & kin) D'Orbigny-Mouette rieuse et Bec-en-ciseaux white background.jpg

  Gruiformes  

(rails & cranes) Cuvier-72-Grue cendree.jpg

  Opisthocomiformes  

(hoatzin) Cuvier-59-Hoazin huppe.jpg

  Strisores  
  Otidimorphae  
  Phaethoquornithes  
  Telluraves  

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Otidae</span> Clade of birds

Otidae is a clade that includes the superorders Otidimorphae and Strisores. It was identified in 2014 by genome analysis. Earlier it was thought that Strisores was closely related to birds such as pigeons, flamingos, tropicbirds, and the sunbittern and kagu in the taxon Metaves, but subsequent work has provided evidence that Metaves is polyphyletic. Although analyses of genome data provided relatively high support for monophyly of Otidae, indicating that it occupies a basal branch of the clade Passerea, other analyses of large data matrices have not recovered a clade comprising Otidimorphae and Strisores, raising questions about the monophyly of Otidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neognathae</span> Infraclass of birds

Neognathae is an infraclass of birds, called neognaths, within the class Aves of the clade Archosauria. Neognathae includes the majority of living birds; the exceptions being the tinamous and the flightless ratites, which belong instead to the sister taxon Palaeognathae. There are nearly 10,000 living species of neognaths.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neoaves</span> Clade of birds

Neoaves is a clade that consists of all modern birds with the exception of Palaeognathae and Galloanserae. Almost 95% of the roughly 10,000 known species of extant birds belong to the Neoaves.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mirandornithes</span> Taxon of birds

Mirandornithes is a clade that consists of flamingos and grebes. Many scholars use the term Phoenicopterimorphae for the superorder containing flamingoes and grebes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aequornithes</span> Clade of birds

Aequornithes, or core water birds, are defined as "the least inclusive clade containing Gaviidae and Phalacrocoracidae".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Falconiformes</span> Order of birds

The order Falconiformes is represented by the extant family Falconidae and a handful of enigmatic Paleogene species. Traditionally, the other bird of prey families Cathartidae, Sagittariidae (secretarybird), Pandionidae (ospreys), Accipitridae (hawks) were classified in Falconiformes. A variety of comparative genome analyses published since 2008, however, found that falcons are part of a clade of birds called Australaves, which also includes seriemas, parrots and passerines. Within Australaves falcons are more closely related to the parrot-passerine clade than they are to the seriemas. The hawks, vultures and owls are placed in the clade Afroaves.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Strisores</span> Clade of birds

Strisores, sometimes called nightbirds, is a clade of birds that includes the living families and orders Caprimulgidae, Nyctibiidae (potoos), Steatornithidae (oilbirds), Podargidae (frogmouths), Apodiformes, as well as the Aegotheliformes (owlet-nightjars) whose distinctness was only recently realized. The Apodiformes and the Aegotheliformes form the Daedalornithes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Australaves</span> Clade of birds

Australaves is a recently defined clade of birds, consisting of the Eufalconimorphae as well as the Cariamiformes. They appear to be the sister group of Afroaves.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Afroaves</span> Clade of birds

Afroaves is a clade of birds, consisting of the kingfishers and kin (Coraciiformes), woodpeckers and kin (Piciformes), hornbills and kin (Bucerotiformes), trogons (Trogoniformes), cuckoo roller (Leptosomiformes), mousebirds (Coliiformes), owls (Strigiformes), raptors (Accipitriformes) and New World vultures (Cathartiformes). The most basal clades are predatory, suggesting the last common ancestor of Afroaves was also a predatory bird.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Telluraves</span> Clade of birds

Telluraves is a recently defined clade of birds defined by their arboreality. Based on most recent genetic studies, the clade unites a variety of bird groups, including the australavians as well as the afroavians. They appear to be the sister group of the Phaethoquornithes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurypygimorphae</span> Clade of birds

Eurypygimorphae or Phaethontimorphae is a clade of birds that contains the orders Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds) and Eurypygiformes recovered by genome analysis. The relationship was first identified in 2013 based on their nuclear genes. Historically these birds were placed at different parts of the tree, with tropicbirds in Pelecaniformes and the kagu and sunbittern in Gruiformes. Some genetic analyses have placed the eurypygimorph taxa in the controversial and obsolete clade Metaves, with uncertain placement within that group. More recent molecular studies support their grouping together in Eurypygimorphae, which is usually recovered as the sister taxon to Aequornithes within Ardeae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Otidimorphae</span> Clade of birds

Otidimorphae is a clade of birds that contains the orders Cuculiformes (cuckoos), Musophagiformes (turacos), and Otidiformes (bustards) identified in 2014 by genome analysis. While the bustards seem to be related to the turacos, other genetic studies have found the cuckoos to be closer to the bustards than the turacos are.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phaethoquornithes</span> Taxon of birds

Phaethoquornithes is a clade of birds that contains Eurypygimorphae and Aequornithes, which was first recovered by genome analysis in 2014. Members of Eurypygimorphae were originally classified in the obsolete group Metaves, and Aequornithes were classified as the sister taxon to Musophagiformes or Gruiformes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eucavitaves</span> Clade of birds

Eucavitaves is a clade that contains the order Trogoniformes (trogons) and the clade Picocoraciae. The name refers to the fact that the majority of them nest in cavities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cavitaves</span> Clade of birds

Cavitaves is a clade that contains the order Leptosomiformes and the clade Eucavitaves. The name refers to the fact that the majority of them nest in cavities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Picocoraciae</span> Clade of birds

Picocoraciae is a clade that contains the order Bucerotiformes and the clade Picodynastornithes supported by various genetic analysis and morphological studies. While these studies supported a sister grouping of Coraciiformes and Piciformes, a large scale, sparse supermatrix has suggested alternative sister relationship between Bucerotiformes and Piciformes instead.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Columbimorphae</span> Clade of birds

Columbimorphae is a clade discovered by genome analysis that includes birds of the orders Columbiformes, Pterocliformes (sandgrouse), and Mesitornithiformes (mesites). Previous analyses had also recovered this grouping, although the exact relationships differed. Some studies indicated a sister relationship between sandgrouse and pigeons while other studies favored a sister grouping of mesites and sandgrouse instead.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aequorlitornithes</span> Taxon of birds

Aequorlitornithes is a clade of waterbirds recovered in a comprehensive genomic systematic study using nearly 200 species in 2015. It contains the clades Charadriiformes, Mirandornithes and Phaethoquornithes. Previous studies have found different placement for the clades in the tree.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vanescaves</span> Clade of birds

Vanescaves is a probable clade of strisorean birds that include the clades Steatornithiformes, Nyctibiiformes, Podargiformes (frogmouths), and Apodimorphae. Some molecular studies do support the grouping of these birds, others offer conflicting positions of the non-apodimorphaean strisoreans. In 2019 the authors Chen et al. performed a combined analysis using 2289 ultra-conserved elements [UCEs], 117 morphological characters from extant and fossil taxa found support in this clade. The authors then proposed to name this group, which its meaning is Latin for "vanish birds" in reference to the disparate nature of their geographic distribution, as well as to the poem "A Route of Evanescence" by the American poet Emily Dickinson which features a hummingbird as the main subject. In 2020 Chen & Field named the two major subclades of this group, with Sedentaves and Letornithes for their crown-groups.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Litusilvanae</span> Hypothetical clade of neoavian birds

Litusilvanae is a proposed clade of birds, position as the sister clade to Aequorlitornithes. This clade comprises Gruimorphae and Strisores. While different lines of evidence from molecular, morphology and the fossil record has found support in the clades Gruimorphae and Strisores Wu et al. (2024) was the first to find support in such a novel sister group relationship between these two taxa.

References

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  2. 1 2 Jarvis, E. D.; Mirarab, S.; Aberer, A. J.; et al. (2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds". Science. 346 (6215): 1320–1331. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1320J. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. PMC   4405904 . PMID   25504713.
  3. Prum, Richard O.; Berv, Jacob S.; Dornburg, Alex; Field, Daniel J.; Townsend, Jeffrey P.; Lemmon, Emily Moriarty; Lemmon, Alan R. (2015). "A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing". Nature. 526 (7574): 569–573. Bibcode:2015Natur.526..569P. doi:10.1038/nature15697. ISSN   1476-4687. PMID   26444237.
  4. Yuri, T.; Kimball, R.T.; Harshman, J.; Bowie, R.C.K.; Braun, M.J.; Chojnowski, J.L.; et al. (13 March 2013). "Parsimony and model-based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic signals". Biology. 2 (1): 419–444. doi: 10.3390/biology2010419 . PMC   4009869 . PMID   24832669.
  5. Kimball, R.T.; Wang, N.; Heimer-McGinn, V.; Ferguson, C.; Braun, E.L. (December 2013) [20 June 2013]. "Identifying localized biases in large datasets: A case study using the Avian tree of life". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (3): 1021–1032. Bibcode:2013MolPE..69.1021K. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.029. PMID   23791948.
  6. Kimball, R.T.; Oliveros, C.H.; Wang, N.; White, N.D.; Barker, F.K.; Field, D.J.; et al. (2019). "A phylogenomic supertree of birds". Diversity. 11 (7): 109. doi: 10.3390/d11070109 .
  7. Braun, Edward L.; Kimball, Rebecca T. (2021-01-05). "Data Types and the Phylogeny of Neoaves". Birds. 2 (1): 1–22. doi: 10.3390/birds2010001 . ISSN   2673-6004.
  8. Boyd, John (2007). "Nornithes: 46 Orders" (PDF). jboyd.net. Retrieved 30 December 2017.