Antrostomus

Antrostomus
Chuck-will's-widow (Antrostomus carolinensis)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Strisores
Order:	Caprimulgiformes
Family:	Caprimulgidae
Genus:	Antrostomus Bonaparte, 1838
Species
see text.

Antrostomus is a genus of nightjars formerly included in the genus Caprimulgus . They are medium-sized nocturnal birds with long pointed wings, short legs and short bills.

Antrostomus nightjars are found in the New World, and like other nightjars they usually nest on the ground. They are mostly active in the late evening and early morning or at night, and feed predominantly on moths and other large flying insects. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and their soft plumage is cryptically coloured to resemble bark or leaves. They have relatively long bills and rictal bristles. Some species, unusually for birds, perch along a branch, rather than across it, which helps to conceal them during the day. Temperate species are strongly migratory, wintering in the tropics. Many have repetitive and often mechanical songs.

Taxonomy

These species were formerly placed in the genus Caprimulgus but were moved to the resurrected genus Antrostomus based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010. ^[1] The genus Antrostomus was erected by the French naturalist Charles Bonaparte in 1838 with the chuck-will's-widow (Antrostomus carolinensis) as the type species. ^[2] The generic name combines the Ancient Greek antron meaning "cavern" and stoma meaning "mouth". ^[3]

Species

The genus contains 12 species: ^[4]

Image	Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
	Antrostumus carolinensis	Chuck-will's-widow	southeastern US ; winters to Central and northwestern South America
	Antrostumus rufus	Rufous nightjar	sparsely across South America
-	Antrostumus cubanensis	Cuban nightjar	Cuba
-	Antrostumus ekmani	Hispaniolan nightjar	Hispaniola
	Antrostumus salvini	Tawny-collared nightjar	eastern Mexico
-	Antrostumus badius	Yucatan nightjar	Yucatan peninsula
	Antrostumus sericocaudatus	Silky-tailed Nightjar	mainly southern Atlantic forest
-	Antrostumus ridgwayi	Buff-collared nightjar	southeastern Arizona to Nicaragua
	Antrostumus vociferus	Eastern whip-poor-will	eastern North America ; winters to Florida and Central America
	Antrostumus arizonae	Mexican whip-poor-will	southwestern US and montane Mesoamerica
	Antrostumus noctitherus	Puerto Rican nightjar	Puerto Rico (southwest)
	Antrostumus saturatus	Dusky nightjar	Talamancan montane forests

References

1. Han, K.-L.; Robbins, M.B.; Braun, M.J. (2010). "A multigene estimate of phylogeny in the nightjars and nighthawks (Caprimulgidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 55 (2): 443–453. Bibcode:2010MolPE..55..443H. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.023. PMID   20123032.
2. Bonaparte, Charles Lucien (1838). A Geographical and Comparative List of the Birds of Europe and North America. London: John Van Voorst. p. 8.
3. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p.  50. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.
4. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Frogmouths, Oilbird, potoos, nightjars". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 21 July 2019.