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A jagir, also spelled as jageer, was a type of feudal land grant in the Indian subcontinent at the foundation of its Jagirdar (Zamindar) system. It developed during the Islamic rule era of the Indian subcontinent, starting in the early 13th century, wherein the powers to govern and collect tax from an estate was granted to an appointee of the state. The tenants were considered to be in the servitude of the jagirdar. There were two forms of jagir, one conditional, the other unconditional. The conditional jagir required the governing family to maintain troops and provide their service to the state when asked. The land grant, called iqta'a, was usually for a holder's lifetime; the land reverted to the state upon the death of the jagirdar.
A zamindar in the Indian subcontinent was an autonomous or semi-autonomous feudal ruler of a zamindari. The term itself came into use during the reign of Mughals and later the British had begun using it as a native synonym for "estate". The term means landowner in Persian. They were typically hereditary, and held the right to collect tax on behalf of imperial courts or for military purposes.
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Sardar, also spelled as Sardaar/Sirdar, is a title of royalty and nobility that was originally used to denote princes, noblemen, chiefs, kings and other aristocrats. It has also been used to denote a chief or leader of a tribe or group. It is used as a Persian synonym of the title Emir of Arabic origin.
Deshmukh (IAST:Dēśamukh), is a historical title conferred to the rulers of a Dēśamukhi. It is used as a surname in certain regions of India, specifically in the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana Andhra Pradesh and northern parts of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, Goa whose family received it as a title.
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Bhoite Saranjam was one of the political saranjams of British India under the Bombay Presidency. Its capital was Jalgaon City. It was a Maratha jagir of the Bhoite clan.
Kapshi Estate was a jagir in India during the British Raj. It was under the Kolhapur-Dekkan Residency in the Bombay Presidency, and later the Deccan States Agency.
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The Patwardhan dynasty was an Indian dynasty established by the Chitpavan Brahmin Patwardhan family, ruling several parts of the Maratha Empire from 1733 till 1948, when it acceded to the Dominion of India. At its peak, various branches of the dynasty controlled several Jagirs within the Maratha Empire, and later became protectorate Princely states in British India.
Sasan was a tax-free land grant given in the form of either partial or whole villages to the Rajpurohit and mainly Charan as by rulers in medieval India.That is why charans and rajpurohit are also called as jagirdar by locals. These grants were given in perpetuity and enjoyed superior rights compared to other land tenures.
References
- ↑ V.K. Agnihotri ed., Indian History: Objective Questions and Historical Maps, Allied Publishers. pg. 330
- ↑ Stewart Gordon, The Marathas 1600-1818, Volume 2, pg. 111
- ↑ Jaswant Lal Mehta, Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813, pg. 43
- ↑ Govindlal Dalsukhbhai Patel (1957). The land problem of reorganized Bombay state. N. M. Tripathi. Retrieved 9 June 2012.