| Saturnine antshrike | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Thamnophilidae |
| Genus: | Thamnomanes |
| Species: | T. saturninus |
| Binomial name | |
| Thamnomanes saturninus (Pelzeln, 1868) | |
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The saturnine antshrike (Thamnomanes saturninus) is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru. [2]
The saturnine antshrike was described by the Austrian ornithologist August von Pelzeln in 1868 and given the binomial name Thamnophilus saturninus. [3] During the twentieth century several authors placed it in genus Dysithamnus and treated it and what is now the dusky-throated antshrike (T. ardesiacus) as conspecific. The two now are considered a superspecies. [4]
The saturnine antshrike has two subspecies, the nominate T. s. saturninus (Pelzeln, 1868) and T. s. huallagae (Cory, 1916). [2]
The saturnine antshrike is 13.5 to 14.5 cm (5.3 to 5.7 in) long and weighs 19 to 21 g (0.67 to 0.74 oz). Adult males of the nominate subspecies have darkish gray upperparts with a white patch between their scapulars. Their wings are darkish gray with white edges to feathers at the bend and white tips on the coverts. Their tail is darkish gray with small white tips on the feathers. Their throat and upper breast are black and the rest of their underparts darkish gray with usually some white edges on the belly feathers. Adult females have olive-brown upperparts with a rufescent tinge. Their wings and tail are rufous. Their throat is white, their breast olive, and the rest of their underparts deep tawny-buff. Males of subspecies T. s. huallagae have less black on their throat than the nominate; females have gray spots on their throat and a darker breast than the nominate. [5] > [6]
Subspecies T. s. huallagae of the saturnine antshrike is the more western of the two. It is found south of the Amazon and Marañón rivers in northeastern Peru and into southwestern Amazonian Brazil's Acre state. The nominate subspecies is found in south-central Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon from Acre east to the Tapajós and Teles Pires rivers and south to Rondônia and northern Mato Grosso, and into extreme northeastern Bolivia. The species primarily inhabits the understorey of terra firme evergreen forest and occurs less often in várzea forest. In elevation it occurs mostly below 300 m (1,000 ft) but reaches 650 m (2,100 ft) in Bolivia. [5] [6]
The saturnine antshrike is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range. [5]
The saturnine antshrike's diet includes insects and probably other arthropods. It mostly forages singly, in pairs, and family groups and usually as part of a mixed-species feeding flock. It typically forages between about 1 and 4 m (3 and 13 ft) above the ground. It usually captures prey with a sally from a perch to foliage and stems, and sometimes from trunks or the ground. It sometimes attends army ant swarms. [5]
The santunine antshrike's nesting season has not been detailed but includes August. One nest was a cup attached between two limbs of a sapling about 3 m (10 ft) above the ground. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology. [5]
The saturnine antshrike's song is an "accelerated, ascending series of notes, at first grating, then gradually changing to sharp and piercing". [6] Its calls include a "short 'chirr' ", a "downslurred rasp", and an "abrupt, clearer note". [5]
The IUCN has assessed the saturnine antshrike as being of Least Concern. It has a large range. Its population size is not known and is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] It is considered fairly common across its range, which includes some large protected areas and "remains little developed and relatively inaccessible". [5]
The great antshrike is a passerine bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in southern Mexico, in every Central American country except El Salvador, on Trinidad, and in every mainland South American country except Chile, though only as a vagrant in Uruguay.
The black-crested antshrike is a passerine bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in tropical South America in Trinidad, Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Brazil, and Peru.
The striated antbird is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The undulated antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.
The band-tailed antbird is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, and Peru.
The leaden antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, and Peru.
The white-eyed stipplethroat, previously called white-eyed antwren, is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.
The long-winged antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The dusky-throated antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The cinereous antshrike is an insectivorous bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The bluish-slate antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.
The white-shouldered antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The Amazonian antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in every mainland South American country except Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
The variable antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay.
The mouse-colored antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The blackish-grey antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana and Venezuela.
The northern slaty antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The rufous-capped antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay.
Natterer's slaty antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia and Brazil.
The Bolivian slaty antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.
