Saxifraga paradoxa

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Saxifraga paradoxa
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Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Saxifragales
Family: Saxifragaceae
Genus: Saxifraga
Species:
S. paradoxa
Binomial name
Saxifraga paradoxa
Synonyms [1]
  • Cymbalariella paradoxaNappi
  • Lobaria paradoxaHaw.
  • Zahlbrucknera paradoxaRchb.

Saxifraga paradoxa, commonly known as the fragile saxifrage, [2] is a perennial plant species in the family Saxifragaceae, [3] which occurs as a tertiary relict and endemic Saxifraga species [4] in the South-Eastern Alps. [5] Count Kaspar Maria von Sternberg described this species in his work Revisio Saxifragarum iconibus of 1810. [3]

Contents

Description

This perennial species is a deciduous to semi-deciduous low-growing plant that can reach up to 20 cm (8 in) in height and can spread around for approximately 30 cm (12 in) [2] with its ascending to decumbent stems. [6] Its shining and small leaves are mid- to bright green, in shape usually reniform (kidney-like) and slightly lobed. [2] [6] Saxifraga paradoxa characteristic are also small pale green coloured flowers that have linearly-shaped petals, red anthers and are arranged into an axillary cyme. [2] [7] The plant's flowering period is between May and August. [8]

Distribution and conservation

This Saxifraga species native range are South-Eastern Alps, with most of its populations inhabiting Slovenia and Austria. [3] In Austria Saxifraga paradoxa occurs in Carinthia and Styria, [7] while in Slovenia its growing area includes valleys of rivers Hudinja [9] and Lobnica (tributary of Drava) [10] near Pohorje, as well as Kozjak mountains and Košenjak. [7] Its habitat usually consists of damp and shaded rocky screes with non-calcareous basis, mostly containing granite and gneiss. [6] [11] After this species Slovakian botanist Ladislav Mucina named plant community Saxifragetum paradoxae, with Saxifraga paradoxa being its characteristic species. [4]

Saxifraga paradoxa has not yet been evaluated for the IUCN Red List. [12]

Taxonomy

So-called European purple saxifrages (members of Saxifraga's section Porphyrion and subsection Oppositifoliae) are a big group of numerous taxa with uncertain taxonomic position, widely distributed in mountain ranges of central and southern Europe. Researchers studied their evolutionary relationship with a use of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting and Saxifraga paradoxa was shown not to be genetically divergent taxon. [13] Recent research treats Saxifraga paradoxa as a member of Saxifraga's section Saxifraga and subsection Arachnoideae. [14] [15]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saxifragaceae</span> Family of flowering plants in the Eudicot order Saxifragales

Saxifragaceae is a family of herbaceous perennial flowering plants, within the core eudicot order Saxifragales. The taxonomy of the family has been greatly revised and the scope much reduced in the era of molecular phylogenetic analysis. The family is divided into ten clades, with about 640 known species in about 35 accepted genera. About half of these consist of a single species, but about 400 of the species are in the type genus Saxifraga. The family is predominantly distributed in the northern hemisphere, but also in the Andes in South America.

<i>Saxifraga</i> Genus of flowering plants in the family Saxifragaceae (saxifrages)

Saxifraga is the largest genus in the family Saxifragaceae, containing about 465 species of holarctic perennial plants, known as saxifrages or rockfoils. The Latin word saxifraga means literally "stone-breaker", from Latin saxum + frangere. It is usually thought to indicate a medicinal use for treatment of urinary calculi, rather than breaking rocks apart.

<i>Saxifraga oppositifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Saxifraga oppositifolia, the purple saxifrage or purple mountain saxifrage, is a species of plant that is very common in the high Arctic and also some high mountainous areas further south, including northern Britain, the Alps and the Rocky Mountains.

<i>Micranthes stellaris</i> Species of plant

Micranthes stellaris, synonym Saxifraga stellaris, the starry saxifrage or hairy kidney-wort, is an Arctic–alpine species in the family Saxifragaceae. It produces panicles of 5–10 white flowers on a stem up to 20 cm (7.9 in) tall, rising from a basal leaf rosette. One subspecies is found from eastern Canada to Russia, including the British Isles, while another is found in the mountains of southern Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arctic–alpine</span>

An Arctic–alpine taxon is one whose natural distribution includes the Arctic and more southerly mountain ranges, particularly the Alps. The presence of identical or similar taxa in both the tundra of the far north, and high mountain ranges much further south is testament to the similar environmental conditions found in the two locations. Arctic–alpine plants, for instance, must be adapted to the low temperatures, extremes of temperature, strong winds and short growing season; they are therefore typically low-growing and often form mats or cushions to reduce water loss through evapotranspiration.

<i>Saxifraga paniculata</i> Species of flowering plant

Saxifraga paniculata is an alpine species of flowering plant in the saxifrage family, with native distribution in the temperate northern hemisphere. Common names include alpine saxifrage, encrusted saxifrage, lifelong saxifrage, lime-encrusted saxifrage, livelong saxifrage, white mountain saxifrage, and silver saxifrage.

<i>Saxifraga aizoides</i> Species of flowering plant

Saxifraga aizoides, yellow mountain saxifrage or yellow saxifrage, is a flowering alpine plant of the genus Saxifraga.

<i>Papaver alpinum</i> Species of flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae

Papaver alpinum, synonym Oreomecon alpina, the Alpine poppy or dwarf poppy, is a poppy found in the Alps. The circumscription of the species varies considerably. In some treatments, the species is one of a group of related species, and includes several subspecies, four of which are found in Austria. In other treatments, it includes species that have been treated as separate, and has at most one subspecies.

<i>Saxifraga cuneifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Saxifraga cuneifolia, the lesser Londonpride, shield-leaved saxifrage or spoon-leaved saxifrage, is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Saxifragaceae family.

<i>Saxifraga federici-augusti</i> Species of plant in the genus Saxifraga

Saxifraga federici-augusti, common name Engleria saxifrage, is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Saxifragaceae family. Its subspecies Saxifraga federici‑augusti subsp. grisebachii and the 'Wisley' cultivar of that subspecies have both gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

<i>Saxifraga bryoides</i> Species of saxifrage

Saxifraga bryoides is a species of saxifrage known by the common name of mossy saxifrage. In German it is known as Moosartiger Steinbrech. It is an inhabitant of the Arctic tundra but it also grows in the Alps and other European mountain ranges at high altitudes.

<i>Micranthes</i> Genus of flowering plants in the family Saxifragaceae

Micranthes is a genus of flowering plants in the saxifrage family. It was formerly included within the genus Saxifraga until recent DNA evidence showed the members of what is now Micranthes are more closely related to Boykinia and Heuchera than to other members of the genus Saxifraga.

<i>Saxifraga rosacea</i> Species of flowering plant

Saxifraga rosacea, or Irish saxifrage, is a herbaceous plant in the family Saxifragaceae.

<i>Saxifraga burseriana</i> Species of plant in the genus Saxifraga

Saxifraga burseriana, called the early white-flowered saxifrage, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Saxifraga, native to the eastern Alps; Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Italy, and Slovenia. Its cultivar 'Crenata' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

<i>Saxifraga marginata</i> Species of plant in the genus Saxifraga

Saxifraga marginata, the Kabschia saxifrage, is a species of flowering plant in the family Saxifragaceae, native to southeastern Europe. It and its cultivar 'Balkan' have both gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as ornamentals.

<i>Saxifraga squarrosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Saxifraga squarrosa, the Dolomites saxifrage, is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Saxifragaceae. It is native to the Eastern Alps.

<i>Cerastium subtriflorum</i> Species of plant

Cerastium subtriflorum, the Slovenian mouse-ear chickweed, is a perennial plant species in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is mostly restricted to the Slovenian and Italian Alps.

<i>Saxifraga crustata</i> Species of plant

Saxifraga crustata, the crusted-leaved saxifraga and silver saxifrage, as well as encrusted saxifrage, is an evergreen perennial plant species in the family Saxifragaceae, native to the Eastern Alps. This species was described by Austrian botanist Lorenz Chrysanth von Vest in 1804.

<i>Micranthes occidentalis</i> Species of flowering plant

Micranthes occidentalis, commonly known as western saxifrage, is a species of flowering plant native to North America.

References

  1. 1 2 "Saxifraga paradoxa Sternb". worldfloraonline.org. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Saxifraga paradoxa Fragile saxifrage Zahlbrucknera Care Plant Varieties & Pruning Advice". www.shootgardening.co.uk. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  3. 1 2 3 "Saxifraga paradoxa Sternb". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  4. 1 2 Juvan, Nina (2008). "Vegetacija skalnih razpok silikatnega skalovja : diplomska naloga". repozitorij.uni-lj.si. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  5. ↑ "Saxifraga paradoxa Sternb. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  6. 1 2 3 "Saxifraga paradoxa". Alpine Garden Society. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  7. 1 2 3 Praprotnik, Dr Nada. "Deloindom - Kamnokreči: Prvaki rastlinskega sveta". deloindom.delo.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  8. ↑ "Pregled organizmov-Nenavadni kamnokreč". www.fito-info.si. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  9. ↑ "Vitanje – Gremoven.com" . Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  10. ↑ "Lobnica na Pohorju". Gore Ljudje (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  11. ↑ "Endemische Pflanzen der Ostalpen - Veranstaltung | Naturkundemuseum". www.museum-joanneum.at (in German). Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  12. ↑ "Saxifraga paradoxa - Sternb". eunis.eea.europa.eu. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  13. ↑ Winkler, Manuela; Tribsch, Andreas; Schneeweiss, Gerald M.; Brodbeck, Sabine; Gugerli, Felix; Holderegger, Rolf; Schönswetter, Peter (2013-10-29). "Strong nuclear differentiation contrasts with widespread sharing of plastid DNA haplotypes across taxa in European purple saxifrages (SaxifragasectionPorphyrionsubsectionOppositifoliae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 173 (4): 622–636. doi: 10.1111/boj.12104 . ISSN   0024-4074.
  14. ↑ Gerschwitz, Michael; Kadereit, Joachim W. (2020). "Species composition of Saxifraga sect. Saxifraga subsect. Arachnoideae (Saxifragaceae) based on DNA sequence evidence". Willdenowia. 50 (2): 225. doi: 10.3372/wi.50.50208 . ISSN   1868-6397. S2CID   219466780.
  15. ↑ Tkach, Natalia; Röser, Martin; Suchan, Tomasz; Cieślak, Elżbieta; Schönswetter, Peter; Ronikier, Michał (2019-01-11). "Contrasting evolutionary origins of two mountain endemics: Saxifraga wahlenbergii (Western Carpathians) and S. styriaca (Eastern Alps)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 19 (1): 18. doi: 10.1186/s12862-019-1355-x . ISSN   1471-2148. PMC   6329101 . PMID   30634910.
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