Sebastian H. Mernild | |
---|---|
Pro-Vice-Chancellor of the University of Southern Denmark | |
Assumed office October 2020 | |
Chancellor | Henrik Dam |
Preceded by | Bjarne Graabech Sørensen |
Director (Program Chair) of Climate Centre of the University of Southern Denmark | |
Assumed office 2021 | |
Director of the Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center (NERSC) | |
In office December 2016 –October 2020 | |
Succeeded by | Tore Furevik |
Vice President of the International Commission on Snow and Ice Hydrology (under IAHS) | |
In office 1 June 2015 –31 May 2019 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Frederiksberg,Denmark | 20 October 1972
Spouse | Birgitte Therkildsen |
Children | 2 |
Residence(s) | Odense,Denmark (current) Bergen,Norway (formerly) |
Alma mater | University of Copenhagen |
Awards | Rosenkjær Prize (2018) |
Website | https://mernild.com/ |
Military service | |
Allegiance | Denmark |
Branch/service | Royal Danish Army |
Years of service | 1995–2010 |
Rank | Captain (Artillery) |
Battles/wars | Kosovo &Afghan War |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Climate Change,Glaciology,Hydrology,Climatology |
Institutions | Geophysical Institute,University of Bergen,Western Norway University of Applied Sciences,New York University,Los Alamos National Laboratory,Hokkaido University,Center for Scientific Studies,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences,Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere,International Arctic Research Center |
Jacob Sebastian Haugaard Mernild (born 20 October 1972) is a Danish professor in climate change,glaciology and hydrology,who is the pro-vice-chancellor of the University of Southern Denmark. [1] Mernild has been an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) author for the United Nations since 2010. Initially a contributing author on the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report,he was lead author on the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. [2]
Mernild is one of the world's leading climate scientists in the fields of glaciology and hydrology,specializing in the impacts of climate change in the Arctic and on the cryosphere,especially the ice sheets (glacier mass balance) and water levels. He has contributed to a number of international scientific reports,including the annual Arctic Report Card from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Melting Snow and Ice:A Call for Action [3] report,which Vice President Al Gore presented at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen in 2015. [4] [5] [6]
Mernild has worked as a senior research scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and the International Arctic Research Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks,United States,and as research director of the Climate Change and Glaciology Laboratory at the Center for Scientific Studies in Valdivia,Chile. He has on several occasions been a visiting professor at Colorado State University,University of Colorado Boulder,New York University,Hokkaido University,and Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology. [7]
In 2016,he became the managing director of the 'Nansen Center' (part of Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research) in Bergen,Norway,a renowned climate research centre in Europe. [8] [9] [10] [11] He was elected pro-vice-chancellor (Danish :Prorektor) of the University of Southern Denmark in 2020. [12]
Jacob Sebastian Haugaard Mernild was born in 1972 in Frederiksberg,Copenhagen,Denmark. He grew up in Hjallese,a suburb of Odense. [13] Mernild graduated from Sct. Knuds Gymnasium in 1993. He was admitted to the 'Teknikum' (College of Engineering),where he was to study engineering. Mernild soon dropped out,however,and instead became a captain in the Royal Danish Army,serving in Kosovo and the Afghan War. [5]
After serving in the Danish army,Mernild completed a Bachelor of Science degree in high-latitude climatology and glaciology from the Department of Geology of the University of Copenhagen in 1999. In 2001,he completed a Master of Science degree in mid-latitude climatology and hydrology,also from the University of Copenhagen. Mernild obtained a PhD degree in high-latitude climatology,glaciology,and hydrology,in 2006. In June 2016,Mernild successfully defended his doctoral thesis,Water balance from mountain glacier scale to ice sheet scale with focus on Mittvakkat Glacier,Southeast Greenland and the Greenland Ice Sheet [14] and thereby obtained a Doctor of Science degree from the Faculty of Science (University of Copenhagen). [15]
In between his PhD degree and D.Sc. degree,he worked at the International Arctic Research Center of the University of Alaska Fairbanks,until 2009. He then worked as a scientific researcher at the COSIM (Climate,Ocean and Sea Ice Modeling) Project of the Office of Science § Biological and Environmental Research,within the United States Department of Energy [16] and the Department of Computational Physics and Methods at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico,US until 2013,followed by three years as the research director of the Climate Change and Glaciology Laboratory at the Center for Scientific Studies in Valdivia,Chile until 2016. [12]
In 2004,and again between 2009 and 2010,he was a visiting professor at the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere at Colorado State University,and from 2007 to 2008 (and again in 2015),he was a visiting professor at the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder. In 2008,he was a visiting professor at the Institute for Low Temperature Sciences at Hokkaido University,Japan. Between 2011 and 2012,he was a visiting professor at the Center for Atmospheric Ocean Science at New York University,whereafter he was a visiting professor at the Center for Sea Level Change at New York University Abu Dhabi,UAE. [15] [17]
In 2016,he became a full professor at the Faculty of Engineering and Science at the Western Norway University of Applied Sciences,Sogndal,but shortly afterwards he was appointed managing director of the Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center (NERSC) in Bergen. [9] He was elected pro-vice-chancellor (Danish :Prorektor) of the University of Southern Denmark in 2020. [12] [18] He is also the director (Program Chair) of the newly established Climate Centre of the University of Southern Denmark. [19] Mernild is also partly a professor of climate change and glaciology at the Geophysical Institute of the University of Bergen in Norway. [20]
Mernild's scientific research focuses on local,regional and global climate modelling,using various atmospheric and terrestrial models and observations,with a particular focus on understanding and simulating climate change interactions related to snow,glacier ice mass-balance (for the Greenland Ice Sheet,Antarctic Ice Sheet,and mountain glaciers),and freshwater run-off (the water balance components) in the Arctic,Antarctic,Patagonia,and the Andes. [9]
Mernild has also conducted extensive field research in cold and high mountain regions,leading and participating in glaciological,snow,and hydrological research expeditions throughout the Arctic and Andes. [9]
Mernild's scientific research and findings on glaciers and climate change impacts on them,in particular,have received considerable attention in climate science forums,and the general public. [21] Mernild's studies of Greenlandic glaciers have received particular attention because they combine different disciplines and detailed observations and modelling tools,enabling Mernild to use the glaciers to understand similar patterns elsewhere in the Arctic and around the world. Mernild did so by examining factors ranging from snow composition,glacier area and volume changes to meltwater runoff from Greenland. [21]
In his doctoral thesis defence,Mernild correlated the analyses of the Greenland glacier with his studies of glacier,ice sheet and climate conditions in the northern North Atlantic region,to the ice sheet and to other glaciers and ice sheets on the globe. [21]
Mernild has been a member of a number of organizations and committees. List: [15] [17]
In 2018,he was awarded the Danish Broadcast Corporation's prestigious dissemination award,the Rosenkjær Prize,which since 1963 has been awarded to prominent scientists and cultural figures who have succeeded in communicating complex scientific topics. [22] [11]
In 2002,he won the University of Copenhagen's silver medal for his Price Dissertation on hydrology. [23]
Mernild is married to educational psychologist Birgitte Therkildsen,and together they have two children. [17]
Mernild has been an IPCC author for the United Nations since 2010. Initially a contributing author on the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report,he was most recently lead author on the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. [2]
Greenland is located between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada and northwest of Iceland. The territory comprises the island of Greenland—the largest island in the world—and more than a hundred other smaller islands. Greenland has a 1.2-kilometer-long (0.75 mi) border with Canada on Hans Island. A sparse population is confined to small settlements along certain sectors of the coast. Greenland possesses the world's second-largest ice sheet.
The cryosphere is an umbrella term for those portions of Earth's surface where water is in solid form. This includes sea ice, ice on lakes or rivers, snow, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, and frozen ground. Thus, there is a overlap with the hydrosphere. The cryosphere is an integral part of the global climate system. It also has important feedbacks on the climate system. These feedbacks come from the cryosphere's influence on surface energy and moisture fluxes, clouds, the water cycle, atmospheric and oceanic circulation.
A crevasse is a deep crack that forms in a glacier or ice sheet. Crevasses form as a result of the movement and resulting stress associated with the shear stress generated when two semi-rigid pieces above a plastic substrate have different rates of movement. The resulting intensity of the shear stress causes a breakage along the faces.
In glaciology, an ice sheet, also known as a continental glacier, is a mass of glacial ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi). The only current ice sheets are the Antarctic ice sheet and the Greenland ice sheet. Ice sheets are bigger than ice shelves or alpine glaciers. Masses of ice covering less than 50,000 km2 are termed an ice cap. An ice cap will typically feed a series of glaciers around its periphery.
The Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center (BPCRC) is a polar, alpine, and climate research center at Ohio State University founded in 1960.
The Greenland ice sheet is an ice sheet which forms the second largest body of ice in the world. It is an average of 1.67 km (1.0 mi) thick, and over 3 km (1.9 mi) thick at its maximum. It is almost 2,900 kilometres (1,800 mi) long in a north–south direction, with a maximum width of 1,100 kilometres (680 mi) at a latitude of 77°N, near its northern edge. The ice sheet covers 1,710,000 square kilometres (660,000 sq mi), around 80% of the surface of Greenland, or about 12% of the area of the Antarctic ice sheet. The term 'Greenland ice sheet' is often shortened to GIS or GrIS in scientific literature.
The Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) was a research project organized through the European Science Foundation (ESF). The project ran from 1989 to 1995, with drilling seasons from 1990 to 1992. In 1988, the project was accepted as an ESF-associated program, and the fieldwork was started in Greenland in the summer of 1989.
Jakobshavn Glacier, also known as Ilulissat Glacier, is a large outlet glacier in West Greenland. It is located near the Greenlandic town of Ilulissat and ends at the sea in the Ilulissat Icefjord.
The retreat of glaciers since 1850 is a well-documented effect of climate change. The retreat of mountain glaciers provide evidence for the rise in global temperatures since the late 19th century. Examples include mountain glaciers in western North America, Asia, the Alps in central Europe, and tropical and subtropical regions of South America and Africa. Since glacial mass is affected by long-term climatic changes, e.g. precipitation, mean temperature, and cloud cover, glacial mass changes are one of the most sensitive indicators of climate change. The retreat of glaciers is also a major reason for sea level rise. Excluding peripheral glaciers of ice sheets, the total cumulated global glacial losses over the 26 years from 1993 to 2018 were likely 5500 gigatons, or 210 gigatons per year.
Radioglaciology is the study of glaciers, ice sheets, ice caps and icy moons using ice penetrating radar. It employs a geophysical method similar to ground-penetrating radar and typically operates at frequencies in the MF, HF, VHF and UHF portions of the radio spectrum. This technique is also commonly referred to as "Ice Penetrating Radar (IPR)" or "Radio Echo Sounding (RES)".
The Agassiz Ice Cap formerly Agassiz Glacier is an ice cap on the central eastern side of Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. The Agassiz ice cap is about 21,000 km2 (8,100 sq mi) in area. It is located between the North Ellesmere ice field to the north and the Prince of Wales Icefield to the south.
In climate science, a tipping point is a critical threshold that, when crossed, leads to large, accelerating and often irreversible changes in the climate system. If tipping points are crossed, they are likely to have severe impacts on human society and may accelerate global warming. Tipping behavior is found across the climate system, for example in ice sheets, mountain glaciers, circulation patterns in the ocean, in ecosystems, and the atmosphere. Examples of tipping points include thawing permafrost, which will release methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, or melting ice sheets and glaciers reducing Earth's albedo, which would warm the planet faster. Thawing permafrost is a threat multiplier because it holds roughly twice as much carbon as the amount currently circulating in the atmosphere.
Greenland's climate is a tundra climate on and near the coasts and an ice cap climate in inland areas. It typically has short, cool summers and long, moderately cold winters.
Ice–albedo feedback is a climate change feedback, where a change in the area of ice caps, glaciers, and sea ice alters the albedo and surface temperature of a planet. Because ice is very reflective, it reflects far more solar energy back to space than open water or any other land cover. It occurs on Earth, and can also occur on exoplanets.
Petermann Glacier is a large glacier located in North-West Greenland to the east of Nares Strait. It connects the Greenland ice sheet to the Arctic Ocean at 81°10' north latitude, near Hans Island.
Mario Giovinetto was an Argentine glaciologist, climatologist and geographer. He was a Canadian citizen with permanent resident status in the United States.
Frank Jean-Marie Léon Pattyn is a Belgian glaciologist and professor at the Université libre de Bruxelles. He is best known for developing ice-sheet models and leading model intercomparisons.
Guðfinna 'Tollý' Aðalgeirsdóttir is professor in Geophysics at the Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland.
Twila Moon is a scientist at the National Snow and Ice Data Center known for her work on the Greenland ice sheet.
Ruth Mottram is a British climate scientist who is a researcher at the Danish Meteorological Institute. Her research considers the development of climate models and the dynamics of glaciers and ice sheets in the climate system.