Silphium is an unidentified plant that was used in classical antiquity as a seasoning, perfume, aphrodisiac, and medicine. It also was used as a contraceptive by ancient Greeks and Romans. It was the essential item of trade from the ancient North African city of Cyrene, and was so critical to the Cyrenian economy that most of their coins bore a picture of the plant. The valuable product was the plant's resin.
Silphium is a genus of North American plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae.
Silphium laciniatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known commonly as compassplant or compass plant. It is native to North America, where it occurs in Ontario in Canada and the eastern and central United States as far west as New Mexico. Other common names include prairie compass plant, pilotweed, polarplant, gum weed, cut-leaf silphium, and turpentine plant. It is a rosinweed of genus Silphium.
Marshallia is a genus of plants in the tribe Helenieae within the family Asteraceae. Marshallia is native to the southeastern and south-central United States. A common name applied to most species in the genus is Barbara's buttons.
Silphium asteriscus, commonly called starry rosinweed, is an herbaceous plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the eastern United States, from Oklahoma and Texas east to Florida and Pennsylvania. It is a widespread species found in a variety of open habitats, such as prairies and woodlands.
Silphium perfoliatum, the cup plant or cup-plant, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to eastern and central North America. It is an erect herbaceous perennial with triangular toothed leaves, and daisy-like yellow composite flower heads in summer.
Eupatorium hyssopifolium, also known as hyssopleaf thoroughwort, is a fall-blooming herbaceous plant native to North America. Like other members of the genus Eupatorium it has inflorescences containing a large number of very small flower heads, each with 5 white disc florets but no ray florets. At 0.5 to one meter tall, it is towards the shorter end of the range of heights found in Eupatorium species.
Silphium integrifolium is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. Its common names include rosinweed, whole-leaf rosinweed, entire-leaf rosinweed, prairie rosinweed, and silflower. It is native to eastern North America, including Ontario in Canada and the eastern and central United States as far west as New Mexico.
Calycadenia mollis is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name soft western rosinweed. It is native to a section of central California, from Tuolumne County do northern Tulare County. There are also isolated populations farther north in Nevada County. The plant grows in a number of habitat types in the Central Valley and adjacent Sierra Nevada foothills.
Osmadenia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It contains the single species Osmadenia tenella, which is known by the common name false rosinweed.
Silphium pinnatifidum, the tansy rosinweed or cutleaf prairie dock, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the Southeastern United States where it is found in Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Its habitat is prairies, barrens, and cedar glades.
Silphium terebinthinaceum is a member of the Asteraceae, a family that includes sunflowers, commonly referred to as prairie dock or prairie rosinweed. "Rosinweed" became one of the plant's common names due to the fact that upon injury, resin flows from the wound, giving the plant a sweet smell. Tea brewed from the roots of the prairie dock have a variety of medical applications in Native American culture. The smoke from this plant has also been used as a treatment for congestion and rheumatism.
Silphium trifoliatum, commonly known as whorled rosinweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the eastern United States, where it is found east of the Mississippi River. Its natural habitat is open, grassy areas such as prairies, river cobble bars, and roadsides. It is a tall perennial that produces heads of yellow flowers in mid-summer through fall.
Silphium albiflorum, commonly known as white rosinweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the United States, where it is endemic to the state of Texas. Its natural habitat is in open, calcareous prairies.
Silphium radula, commonly known as roughstem rosinweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native North America, where it is found in the South Central region of the United States. Its natural habitat is prairies over sandy or calcareous soil.
Silphium wasiotense, commonly called Appalachian rosinweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native eastern to North America, where it is endemic to the Cumberland Plateau of Kentucky and Tennessee. Its natural habitat is in dry open woodlands. It is considered rare throughout its range.
Silphium compositum, the kidney-leaf rosinweed, is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. A perennial in the Silphium genus, it has yellow flowers and is deciduous. It grows in the southeastern United States. It has divided basal leaves.
Silphium is an unidentified plant recorded in classical antiquity, believed extinct.
Silphium brachiatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known commonly as Cumberland rosinweed. It is a rare member of the genus Silphium and is native to the southern Cumberland Plateau where it is found in only a few counties of Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee. It was described by Augustin Gattinger, the first state botanist of Tennessee.
Silphium perplexum is a prairie species in the family Asteraceae, it is endemic to the state of Alabama. S. perplexum is commonly known as Old Cahaba rosinweed, a reference to the Cahaba River near which all populations of this species are found.
