Smilax glabra

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Smilax glabra
Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma.webp
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Smilacaceae
Genus: Smilax
Species:
S. glabra
Binomial name
Smilax glabra
Synonyms [1]
  • Smilax lanceolataBurm.f 1768 not L. 1753
  • Smilax hookeriKunth
  • Smilax trigonaWarb.
  • Smilax dunnianaH.Lév.
  • Smilax bliniiH.Lév.
  • Smilax mengmaensisR.H.Miao

Smilax glabra, sarsaparilla, [2] is a plant species in the genus Smilax . It is native to China, the Himalayas, and Indochina. [1] [3] [4] [5] [6]

Contents

S. glabra is a traditional medicine in Chinese herbology, whence it is also known as tufuling (土茯苓) or chinaroot, china-root, and china root (a name it shares with the related S. china ). Chinaroot is a key ingredient in the Chinese medical dessert guilinggao , which uses its ability to set certain kinds of jelly.

Chemical composition

Dihydro-flavonol glycosides (astilbin, neoastilbin, isoastilbin, neoisoastilbin, (2R, 3R)-taxifolin-3'-O-beta-D-pyranoglucoside) have been identified in the rhizome of Smilax glabra [7] as well as smitilbin, a flavanonol rhamnoside. [8] Smiglabrone A and Smiglabrone B are phenylpropanoid-substituted epicatechins that have also been isolated from the root. [9] [10]

Sarsasapogenin, a steroidal sapogenin, can also be found in S. glabra. [11]

Use in traditional Chinese medicine

The root of S. glabra is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat dysentery, joint pain and colds. [9] S. glabra is grown in Southern China. The rhizome of the plant is collected and dried during all seasons for herbal use. The dried root is mixed with water and taken orally. It is believed to restore balance in the body in response to yin disease by removing dampness and toxicity. [12] [ page needed ]

Related Research Articles

<i>Smilax</i> Genus of flowering plants in the family Smilacaceae

Smilax is a genus of about 300–350 species, found in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. They are climbing flowering plants, many of which are woody and/or thorny, in the monocotyledon family Smilacaceae, native throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Common names include catbriers, greenbriers, prickly-ivys and smilaxes. Sarsaparilla is a name used specifically for the Neotropical S. ornata as well as a catch-all term in particular for American species. Occasionally, the non-woody species such as the smooth herbaceous greenbrier are separated as genus Nemexia; they are commonly known by the rather ambiguous name carrion flowers.

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Quercetin is a plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols. It is found in many fruits, vegetables, leaves, seeds, and grains; capers, red onions, and kale are common foods containing appreciable amounts of it. It has a bitter flavor and is used as an ingredient in dietary supplements, beverages, and foods.

<i>Houttuynia cordata</i> Species of flowering plant

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Icariin</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flavanonol</span> Class of chemical compounds

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taxifolin</span> Chemical compound

Taxifolin (5,7,3',4'-flavan-on-ol), also known as dihydroquercetin, belongs to the subclass flavanonols in the flavonoids, which in turn is a class of polyphenols. It is extracted from plants such as Siberian larch and milk thistle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Astilbin</span> Chemical compound

Astilbin is a flavanonol, a type of flavonoid. Astilbin is the (2R-trans)-isomer; neoisoastilbin is the (2S-cis)-isomer and isoastilbin is the (2R-cis)-isomer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smitilbin</span> Chemical compound

Smitilbin is a flavanonol, a type of flavonoid. It is a rhamnoside that can be isolated in Smilax glabra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sarsasapogenin</span> Chemical compound

Sarsasapogenin is a steroidal sapogenin, that is the aglycosidic portion of a plant saponin. It is named after sarsaparilla, a family of climbing plants found in subtropical regions. It was one of the first sapogenins to be identified, and the first spirostan steroid to be identified as such. The identification of the spirostan structure, with its ketone spiro acetal functionality, was fundamental in the development of the Marker degradation, which allowed the industrial production of progesterone and other sex hormones from plant steroids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cucurbitane</span> Chemical compound

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30
H
54
. It is a polycyclic hydrocarbon, specifically triterpene. It is also an isomer of lanostane, from which it differs by the formal shift of a methyl group from the 10 to the 9β position in the standard steroid numbering scheme.

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Kaempferol 7-<i>O</i>-glucoside Chemical compound

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Smilax aristolochiifolia, also known as gray sarsaparilla, Mexican sarsaparilla, sarsaparilla, is a species in the genus Smilax and the family Smilacaceae, native to Mexico and Central America. It is widely used as traditional medicine to treat many symptoms.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Periplocin</span> Chemical compound

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References

  1. 1 2 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. Sarsaparilla on rain-tree.com
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  4. Leroy, J.-F. (ed.) (1983). Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viêt-Nam 20: 1-175. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
  5. Ahmed, Z.U. (ed.) (2008). Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh 12: 1-505. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  6. Leti, M., Hul, S., Fouché, J.-G., Cheng, S.K. & David, B. (2013). Flore photographique du Cambodge: 1-589. Éditions Privat, Toulouse.
  7. Yuan JZ, Dou DQ, Chen YJ, et al. (September 2004). "[Studies on dihydroflavonol glycosides from rhizome of Smilax glabra]". Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi (in Chinese). 29 (9): 867–70. PMID   15575206.
  8. A Flavonol Glycoside from Smilax glabra, Ting Chen, Jian Xin Li, Yu Cai, Qiang Xu, Chinese Chemical Letters, Vol. 13, No 6, 2002, pages 537-538
  9. 1 2 Xu, Shuo; Shang, Ming-Ying; Liu, Guang-Xue; Xu, Feng; Wang, Xuan; Shou, Cheng-Chao; Cai, Shao-Qing (May 2013). "Chemical Constituents from the Rhizomes of Smilax glabra and Their Antimicrobial Activity". Molecules. 18 (5): 5265–5287. doi: 10.3390/molecules18055265 . PMC   6270451 . PMID   23698042.
  10. Gu, Wan-Yi; Li, Na; Leung, Elaine; Zhou, Hua; Luo, Guo-An; Liu, Liang; Wu, Jian-Lin (2015-03-02). "Metabolites Software-Assisted Flavonoid Hunting in Plants Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry". Molecules. 20 (3): 3955–3971. doi: 10.3390/molecules20033955 . ISSN   1420-3049. PMC   6272731 . PMID   25738538.
  11. Tian, Li-Wen; Zhang, Zhen; Long, Hai-Lan; Zhang, Ying-Jun (2017). "Steroidal Saponins from the Genus Smilax and Their Biological Activities". Natural Products and Bioprospecting. 7 (4): 283–298. doi:10.1007/s13659-017-0139-5. ISSN   2192-2195. PMC   5507813 . PMID   28646341.
  12. Wu, Jing-Nuan (2005). An Illustrated Chinese Materia Medica. Oxford University Press. ISBN   9780195140170.