Snap pea | |
---|---|
Species | Pisum sativum |
Cultivar group | Macrocarpon Group |
Cultivar group members | Many; see text. |
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |
---|---|
Energy | 176 kJ (42 kcal) |
7.55 g | |
Sugars | 4.0 g |
Dietary fiber | 2.6 g |
0.39 g | |
Saturated | 0.0039 g |
Monounsaturated | 0.021 g |
Polyunsaturated | 0.089 g |
2.8 g | |
Tryptophan | 0.027 g |
Threonine | 0.099 g |
Isoleucine | 0.161 g |
Leucine | 0.228 g |
Lysine | 0.202 g |
Methionine | 0.011 g |
Cystine | 0.032 g |
Phenylalanine | 0.090 g |
Tyrosine | 0.099 g |
Valine | 0.273 g |
Arginine | 0.134 g |
Histidine | 0.017 g |
Alanine | 0.058 g |
Aspartic acid | 0.228 g |
Glutamic acid | 0.448 g |
Glycine | 0.072 g |
Proline | 0.063 g |
Serine | 0.125 g |
Vitamins | Quantity %DV† |
Vitamin A equiv. | 6% 54 μg6% 630 μg740 μg |
Vitamin A | 1087 IU |
Thiamine (B1) | 13% 0.15 mg |
Riboflavin (B2) | 6% 0.08 mg |
Niacin (B3) | 4% 0.6 mg |
Pantothenic acid (B5) | 15% 0.75 mg |
Vitamin B6 | 9% 0.16 mg |
Folate (B9) | 11% 42 μg |
Choline | 3% 17.4 mg |
Vitamin C | 67% 60 mg |
Vitamin E | 3% 0.39 mg |
Vitamin K | 21% 25 μg |
Minerals | Quantity %DV† |
Calcium | 3% 43 mg |
Copper | 9% 0.079 mg |
Iron | 12% 2.08 mg |
Magnesium | 6% 24 mg |
Manganese | 11% 0.244 mg |
Phosphorus | 4% 53 mg |
Potassium | 7% 200 mg |
Sodium | 0% 4 mg |
Zinc | 2% 0.27 mg |
Other constituents | Quantity |
Water | 88.89 g |
†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults. [1] |
The snap pea, also known as the sugar snap pea, is an edible-pod pea with rounded pods and thick pod walls, in contrast to snow pea pods, which are flat with thin walls. [2] The name mangetout (French for "eat all") can apply to snap peas and snow peas.
A snap pea named "butter pea" was described in French literature in the 19th century, but the old snap pea was lost in cultivation by the mid-20th century. The present snap pea originated from Calvin Lamborn's cross between a shelling pea mutant found in 1952 by Dr. M.C. Parker and a snow pea cultivar. Researchers at Twin Falls, Idaho hoped that the cross might counteract twisting and buckling seen in varieties at the time. With this cross, snap pea was recreated and the first new snap pea was released in 1979 under the name 'Sugar Snap'. [2] [3] [4]
Snap peas, like all other peas, are pod fruits. An edible-podded pea is similar to a garden, or English, pea, but the pod is less fibrous, and is edible when young. Pods of the edible-podded pea, including snap peas, do not have a membrane and do not open when ripe. At maturity, the pods grow to around 4 to 8 centimetres (1+1⁄2 to 3 inches) in length. Pods contain three to nine peas. The plants are climbing, and pea sticks or a trellis or other support system is required for optimal growth. Some cultivars are capable of climbing to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high but plants are more commonly around 1 to 1.3 m (3 ft 3 in to 4 ft 3 in) high, for ease of harvest and cultivation.
The snap pea is a cool season legume. It may be planted in spring as early as the soil can be worked. Seeds should be planted 25–40 mm (1–1+1⁄2 in) apart and 15–25 mm (1⁄2–1 in) deep in a 75 mm (3 in) band. [5] It tolerates light frost when young; it also has a wider adaptation and tolerance of higher temperatures than some other pea cultivars. Snap peas may grow to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) or more, but more typically are about 1.3 m (4 ft 3 in). They have a vining habit and require a trellis or similar support structure. They should get 4–6 hours of sunlight each day. Plant pea seeds in soil with a pH of between 5.8 and 7.0 for best results. [6]
Below is a list of several snap pea cultivars currently available, ordered by days to maturity. Days to maturity is from germination to edible pod stage; add about 7 days to estimate shell pea stage. Amish Snap is the only true heirloom snap pea. PMR indicates some degree of powdery mildew resistance; afila types, also called semi-leafless, maintain an erect, interlocked, plant habit that allows good air movement through the canopy and reduces risk from lodging and mold. [7]
Commercial snap peas for export are produced in Peru, Guatemala, Colombia, Zimbabwe, Kenya and China. [10] [11] [12]
Snap peas are often served in salads or eaten whole. They may also be stir-fried or steamed. Before being eaten, mature snap pea pods may need to be "stringed," which means the membranous string running along the top of the pod from base to tip is removed. Over-cooking the pods will make them come apart.
A bean is the seed of several plants in the family Fabaceae, which are used as vegetables for human or animal food. They can be cooked in many different ways, including boiling, frying, and baking, and are used in many traditional dishes throughout the world.
The peanut, also known as the groundnut, goober (US), pindar (US) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, important to both small and large commercial producers. It is classified as both a grain legume and, due to its high oil content, an oil crop. World annual production of shelled peanuts was 44 million tonnes in 2016, led by China with 38% of the world total. Atypically among legume crop plants, peanut pods develop underground (geocarpy) rather than above ground. With this characteristic in mind, the botanist Carl Linnaeus gave peanuts the specific epithet hypogaea, which means "under the earth".
Pea is a pulse, vegetable or fodder crop, but the word often refers to the seed or sometimes the pod of this flowering plant species, formerly 'Pisum sativum', it has been proposed to rename the species as Lathyrus oleraceus. Each pod contains several seeds (peas), which can have green or yellow cotyledons when mature. Botanically, pea pods are fruit, since they contain seeds and develop from the ovary of a (pea) flower. The name is also used to describe other edible seeds from the Fabaceae such as the pigeon pea, the cowpea, the seeds from several species of Lathyrus and is used as a compound form for example Sturt's desert pea.
The radish is an edible root vegetable of the mustard family, Brassicaceae, that was domesticated in Asia prior to Roman times.
The beetroot is the taproot portion of a beet plant, usually known in North America as beets while the vegetable is referred to as beetroot in British English, and also known as the table beet, garden beet, red beet, dinner beet or golden beet.
A lima bean, also commonly known as butter bean, sieva bean, double bean or Madagascar bean, is a legume grown for its edible seeds or beans.
Phaseolus vulgaris, the common bean, is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or green, unripe pods. Its leaf is also occasionally used as a vegetable and the straw as fodder. Its botanical classification, along with other Phaseolus species, is as a member of the legume family Fabaceae. Like most members of this family, common beans acquire the nitrogen they require through an association with rhizobia, which are nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
The asparagus bean is a legume cultivated for its edible green pods containing immature seeds, like the green bean. It is also known as: yardlong bean, pea bean, long-podded cowpea, Chinese long bean, snake bean, bodi, and bora. Despite the common name of "yardlong", the pods are actually only about half a yard long, so the subspecies name sesquipedalis is a more accurate approximation.
Green beans are young, unripe fruits of various cultivars of the common bean, although immature or young pods of the runner bean, yardlong bean, and hyacinth bean are used in a similar way. Green beans are known by many common names, including French beans, string beans, and snap beans or simply "snaps." In the Philippines, they are also known as "Baguio beans" or "habichuelas" to distinguish them from yardlong beans.
An heirloom tomato is an open-pollinated, non-hybrid heirloom cultivar of tomato. They are classified as family heirlooms, commercial heirlooms, mystery heirlooms, or created heirlooms. They usually have a shorter shelf life and are less disease resistant than hybrids. They are grown for various reasons: for food, historical interest, access to wider varieties, and by people who wish to save seeds from year to year, as well as for their taste.
The sweet pea, Lathyrus odoratus, is a flowering plant in the genus Lathyrus in the family Fabaceae (legumes), native to Sicily, southern Italy and the Aegean Islands.
The Brandywine tomato is an heirloom cultivar of tomato, with large potato-leaved foliage and large pink beefsteak-shaped fruit. It is popularly considered among the best tasting available.
Caragana arborescens, the Siberian peashrub, Siberian pea-tree, or caragana, is a species of legume native to Siberia and parts of China and neighboring Mongolia and Kazakhstan. It was taken to the United States by Eurasian immigrants, who used it as a food source while travelling west. In some areas of the United States it is considered an invasive species. Introduced on the Canadian prairies in the 1880's, the hardy caragana provided shelter-belts, wildlife habitat, nitrogen fixation, and windbreaks to prevent soil erosion and snow drifting.
The snow pea is an edible-pod pea with flat pods and thin pod walls. It is eaten whole, with both the seeds and the pod, while still unripened.
The Hillbilly Tomato, scientific name Solanum lycopersicum, is an heirloom cultivar originating from West Virginia in the 1800s. There is also a potato-leaf variant named Hillbilly Potato Leaf. The fruit is considered a beefsteak tomato weighing 1-2 pounds. It is round, heavily ribbed and its skin and flesh is orange-yellow with red streaks. The flavor is described "sweet and fruity" and is low in acid.
Rosa 'Blush Noisette' is a light pink Noisette rose introduced by Phillipe Noisette around 1815. It was one of the first Noisette roses, and over time has been called by a multitude of names, including Rosa × noisettiana, 'Rosier de Philippe Noisette', 'Noisette de l'Inde, 'Blush Cluster', or 'Noisette Carnée'. According to the RHS Encyclopedia of Roses, the cultivar is mostly called 'Blush Noisette' in America, and otherwise known as 'Noisette Carnée'. 'Blush Noisette' arose as a seedling from the light pink rose hybrid 'Champney's Pink Cluster', introduced by Champneys around 1811, and was the first frost-hardy climber flowering repeatedly, giving the cultivar importance as a parent rose.
The rattlesnake bean is an heirloom cultivar of pole bean. The pods are 6 to 8-inches long with purple markings, and the seeds are light brown with brown markings, still visible after cooking. They are named for the snake-like manner in which their pods coil around the vine.
Vigna angularis, also known as the adzuki bean(Japanese: 小豆, azuki, Uncommon アヅキ, adzuki), azuki bean, aduki bean, red bean, or red mung bean, is an annual vine widely cultivated throughout East Asia for its small bean. The cultivars most familiar in East Asia have a uniform red color, but there are also white, black, gray, and variously mottled varieties.