| Sonora | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Western ground snake (Sonora semiannulata) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Subfamily: | Colubrinae |
| Genus: | Sonora Baird & Girard, 1853 |
| Type species | |
| Sonora semiannulata | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Sonora is a genus of small harmless colubrid snakes commonly referred to as ground snakes, which are endemic to North America.
Species of the genus Sonora range through central and northern Mexico, and the southwestern United States.
They are sand dwellers. [2]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Sonora aemula (Cope, 1879) | filetail ground snake | |
 | Sonora annulata (Baird, 1859) | Colorado Desert shovelnose snake | SE California, Arizona, Baja California |
 | Sonora cincta Cope, 1861 | Arizona ground snake, banded burrowing snake, horse snake, red and black ground snake, Sonora ringed snake [1] | USA (S Arizona), Mexico (N Baja California Sur, W Sonora) |
 | Sonora episcopa Kennicott, 1859 | ground snake | USA (Missouri, N Arkansas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, SE Colorado, S/E New Mexico), Mexico (Coahuila) |
 | Sonora fasciata Cope, 1892 | variable sand snake, banded sand snake | Mexico (Baja California) |
| Sonora michoacanensis (Dugès, 1884) | Michoacán ground snake | Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Michoacan; Morelos, Puebla) | |
| Sonora mosaueri Stickel, 1938 | Mosauer's ground snake | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | |
| Sonora mutabilis Stickel, 1943 | Michoacán ground snake | Mexico (Jalisco, Nayarit, Aguascalientes, southern Zacatecas, S Sinaloa) | |
 | Sonora occipitalis (Hallowell, 1854) | western shovelnose snake | USA (SE California, S Nevada, SW Arizona), Mexico (Baja California Norte) |
| Sonora palarostris (Klauber, 1937) | Sonoran shovelnose snake | USA (S Arizona), Mexico (Sonora) | |
| Sonora savagei Cliff, 1954 | Savage's sand snake [3] | Mexico (Baja California) | |
 | Sonora semiannulata Baird & Girard, 1853 | western ground snake | USA (W Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Oklahoma, S Colorado, S Kansas, SW Missouri, SE Utah, California, Arkansas), Mexico (N Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Tamaulipas, NW Nuevo León, NE Durango) |
 | Sonora straminea Cope, 1860 | variable sand snake | Mexico (S Baja California Sur, Sinaloa) |
| Sonora taylori (Boulenger, 1894) | Taylor's ground snake [3] | S Texas, adjacent Mexico | |
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Tropidoclonion is a genus of snake in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae. The genus is monotypic, containing the sole species Tropidoclonion lineatum, commonly known as the lined snake. The species is endemic to North America.
The long-nosed snake is a species of nonvenomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to North America. It has two recognized subspecies. The other species in the genus were previously considered subspecies.
Salvadora is a genus of colubrid snakes commonly called patchnose snakes or patch-nosed snakes, which are endemic to the western United States and Mexico. They are characterized by having a distinctive scale on the tip of the snout.
Storeria is a genus of snakes in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae. The genus is endemic to North America and Central America. The genus consists of five species, four of which are known as brown snakes, and one of which is known as the redbelly snake.
The Texas rat snake is a subspecies of the black rat snake, a nonvenomous colubrid. It is found in the United States, primarily within the state of Texas, but its range extends into Louisiana, Arkansas and Oklahoma. It intergrades with other subspecies of Elaphe obsoleta, so exact range boundaries are impossible to distinguish. The epithet lindheimeri is to honor the German-American naturalist Ferdinand Jacob Lindheimer, who collected the first specimen in New Braunfels, Texas.
The Texas lyre snake is a species of mildly venomous, rear-fanged snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to the southwestern United States and adjacent northern Mexico.
The western ground snake is a species of small, harmless colubrid snake. The species is endemic to North America. Its patterning and coloration can vary widely, even within the same geographic region. Another common name is miter snake referring to the head marking which suggests a bishop's miter; the synonym "episcopus " is a similar allusion.
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The smooth earth snake is a species of nonvenomous natricine colubrid snake native to the eastern half of the United States.
Regina grahamii, commonly known as Graham's crayfish snake, is a species of nonvenomous semiaquatic snake in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to the central United States.
Sonora palarostris, commonly known as the Sonoran shovelnose snake, is a species of small nonvenomous colubrid which is a native of the Sonoran Desert in North America.
The two-striped garter snake is a species of aquatic garter snake, which is endemic to western North America.
Kirtland's snake is a threatened or endangered North American species of nonvenomous snake of the subfamily Natricinae, of the family Colubridae. It is the only species in the genus Clonophis.
Salvadora hexalepis, the western patch-nosed snake, is a species of non-venomous colubrid snake, which is endemic to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
The southeastern crown snake is a common species of small colubrid snake endemic to the southeastern United States.
Micruroides is a genus of venomous coral snake in the family Elapidae. The genus is monotypic, containing only the species Micruroides euryxanthus.
Salvadora grahamiae, also known commonly as the eastern patch-nosed snake and the mountain patchnose snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is native to the southwestern United States and adjacent northeastern Mexico.
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