Stromateoidei

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Stromateoidei
Temporal range: Middle Paleocene–present
Centrolophus niger.jpg
Rudderfish Centrolophus niger
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Scombriformes
Suborder: Stromateoidei
Families

Stromateoidei is a suborder of marine ray-finned fish within the order Scombriformes. It includes the medusafishes, squaretails and driftfishes which associate with jellyfish, the latter families preying on them while the medusafish use them for protection while scavenging food scraps. [1] It also contains the true butterfish, a common food fish.

Contents

Taxonomy

In earlier classifications, it has sometimes been treated as its own order, Stromateiformes, and some studies still treat it as such. However, Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes considers it one of two major suborders of Scombriformes. [2]

The following classification is used by Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes (2025): [2]

Some authors consider this treatment paraphyletic with respect to Scombroidei. [3]

Fossil taxa

The following fossil taxa are also known:

The enigmatic percomorph † Salwaichthys Bannikov, 2020 from the Oligocene of Europe also resembles the stromateoids in certain aspects, but remains taxonomically indeterminate. [7]

The earliest fossil remains of stromateoids are otoliths tentatively referred to the Centrolophidae, species "Mupus" sinuosus from the middle Paleocene of Denmark. [8] The oldest known stromateoid body fossil is Butyrumichthys from the earliest Eocene of Denmark. [6]

References

  1. ↑ Nelson, JS; Grande, TC & Wilson, MVH (2016). "Classification of fishes from Fishes of the World 5th Edition" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  2. 1 2 Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Van der Laan, R. (2025). "ESCHMEYER'S CATALOG OF FISHES: CLASSIFICATION". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2025-02-10.
  3. ↑ Near, Thomas J.; Thacker, Christine E. (2024-04-18). "Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65 (1). doi:10.3374/014.065.0101. ISSN   0079-032X.
  4. ↑ Bannikov, Alexandre F. (1995-01-01). "Morphology and phylogeny offossil stromateoid fishes (Perciformes)". Geobios. Premiers Vertandébrandés et Vertandébrandés Infandérieurs. 28: 177–181. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(95)80109-X. ISSN   0016-6995.
  5. ↑ Přikryl, Tomáš; Bannikov, Alexandre F.; Grădianu, Ionuţ; Kania, Iwona; Krzemiński, Wiesław (2014-11-01). "Revision of the family Propercarinidae (Perciformes, Stromateoidei) with description of a new species from the Oligocene of the Carpathians". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 13 (8): 691–700. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2014.07.001. ISSN   1631-0683.
  6. 1 2 Schrøder, Ane Elise; Rasmussen, Jan Audun; Møller, Peter Rask; Carnevale, Giorgio (2022-09-30). "Butyrumichthys henricii gen. et sp. nov.: a new stromateiform fish from the lower Eocene Fur Formation, Denmark". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 42 (3). doi:10.1080/02724634.2023.2171798. ISSN   0272-4634.
  7. ↑ Bannikov, A. F. (2020-07-01). "A New Family Salwaichthyidae (Pisces, Perciformes s.l.) from the Lower Oligocene of the Caucasus and Carpathians". Paleontological Journal. 54 (4): 392–400. doi:10.1134/S0031030120040048. ISSN   1555-6174.
  8. ↑ Schwarzhans, Werner (2003-09-08). "Fish otoliths from the Paleocene of Denmark". GEUS Bulletin. 2. ISSN   2597-2154. Archived from the original on 2024-12-15.


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