Scombriformes

Scombriformes Temporal range: Middle Paleocene–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Blackfin tuna (Thunnus atlanticus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Clade:	Percomorpha
Order:	Scombriformes Woodward, 1901
Families
See text

Scombriformes, also known as Pelagia and Pelagiaria, is an order of ray-finned fish within the clade Percomorpha. ^{[1] [2] [3]} It contains 287 extant species in 16 families, most of which were previously classified under the suborders Scombroidei and Stromateoidei of the order Perciformes. ^{[1] [4]}

The earliest known scombriform is the scombrid Landanichthys from the Middle Paleocene of Angola. ^[5]

Taxonomy

Scombriformes includes the following families: ^{[2] [6]}

• Suborder Stromateoidei
  • Family Amarsipidae (amarsipa)
  • Family Centrolophidae (medusafishes)
  • Family Nomeidae (driftfishes)
  • Family Tetragonuridae (squaretails)
  • Family Ariommatidae (ariommas)
  • Family Stromateidae (butterfishes)
  • Family †Propercarinidae
• Suborder Scombroidei
  • Family Pomatomidae (bluefishes)
  • Family Icosteidae (ragfish)
  • Family Arripidae (Australasian salmon (kahawai))
  • Family Chiasmodontidae (swallowers)
  • Family Scombridae
    • Subfamily Gasterochismatinae (butterfly kingfish)
    • Subfamily Scombrinae (mackerels, bonitos and tunas)
  • Family Caristiidae (manefishes)
  • Family Bramidae (pomfrets)
  • Family Scombrolabracidae (longfin escolar)
  • Family †Euzaphlegidae
  • Family Gempylidae (snake mackerels)
  • Family Trichiuridae (cutlassfishes)
    • Subfamily Aphanopodinae (frostfishes)
    • Subfamily Lepidopodinae (scabbardfishes)
    • Subfamily Trichiurinae (hairtails)

The fossil family †Carangodidae is known from the Eocene of Italy. ^[7]

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships within Scombriformes are shown in this cladogram from Near & Thacker (2024): ^[1]

Scombriformes	Arripis pan‑stromateoids † Pinichthys Stromateidae Ariomma Nomeidae Icosteus aenigmaticus Centrolophidae pan‑pomatomids † Carangopsis Pomatomus saltatrix Scombridae Amarsipus carlsbergi Tetragonurus pan‑chiasmodontids † Bannikovichthys Chiasmodontidae Bramidae Caristiidae Scombrolabrax heterolepis pan‑gempyloids † Argestichthys Lepidocybium flavobrunneum Gempylidae † Anenchelum Trichiuridae

References

1. Near, T. J.; Thacker, C. E. (2024). "Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)" (PDF). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65 (1). doi:10.3374/014.065.0101.
2. Nelson, JS; Grande, TC & Wilson, MVH (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.).
3. R. Betancur-R; E. O. Wiley; G. Arratia; et al. (2017). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (162): 162. doi: 10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3 . PMC   5501477 . PMID   28683774.
4. Bailly N, ed. (2017). "Scombroidei". FishBase . World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 13 May 2018.
5. Friedman, Matt; V. Andrews, James; Saad, Hadeel; El-Sayed, Sanaa (2023-06-16). "The Cretaceous–Paleogene transition in spiny-rayed fishes: surveying "Patterson's Gap" in the acanthomorph skeletal record André Dumont medalist lecture 2018". Geologica Belgica. doi: 10.20341/gb.2023.002 . ISSN   1374-8505.
6. Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Van der Laan, R. (2025). "ESCHMEYER'S CATALOG OF FISHES: CLASSIFICATION". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2025-02-10.
7. Laan, Richard van der (2018-10-11). "Family-group names of fossil fishes". European Journal of Taxonomy (466). doi:10.5852/ejt.2018.466. ISSN   2118-9773.