Gempylidae

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Gempylidae
Temporal range: Early Eocene to present
Gempylus serpens Oceanic Ichthyology.png
Snake Mackerel, Gempylus serpens
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Scombriformes
Suborder: Scombroidei
Family: Gempylidae
T. N. Gill, 1862
Genera [1]

The Gempylidae are a family of scombriform ray-finned fishes commonly known as snake mackerels or escolars. The family includes about 25 species.

Contents

They are elongated fishes with a similar appearance to barracudas, having a long dorsal fin, usually with one or finlets trailing it. The largest species, including the snoek ( Thyrsites atun ), grow up to 2 m long, and the oilfish (Ruvettus pretiosus) can reach 3 m, though they rarely surpass 150 cm. Like the barracudas, they are predators, with fang-like teeth. [2]

Taxonomy

The Gempylidae are broadly categorized into two clades; Clade 1, which includes more derived & elongate genera, and Clade 2, which includes more basal & fusiform genera. The Trichiuridae are an outgroup. [4]

Scombroidei

Gempylidae are believed to have first evolved at least 20 million years after the Late Cretaceus Extinction event, potentially due to tectonic plate movements. [4]

Fossil genera

The following fossil genera are known: [5] [6]

Timeline

QuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneHolocenePleist.Plio.MioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneParadiplospinusDiplospinusNealotusPromethichthysThyrsitesRexea nakamuraiRexea prometheoidesRexea antefurcataRexea solandriThyrsitoidesGempylusNesiarchusEothyrsitesNeoepinnulaEpinnulaRuvettusLepidocybiumQuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneHolocenePleist.Plio.MioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneGempylidae

[4] [7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Gempylidae". FishBase . April 2013 version.
  2. ↑ Johnson, G.D.; Gill, A.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 190. ISBN   0-12-547665-5.
  3. ↑ "PBDB Taxon". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2024-12-04.
  4. 1 2 3 Mthethwa, Siphesihle; Bester-van_der_Merwe, Aletta E.; Roodt-Wilding, Rouvay (June 2023). "Addressing the complex phylogenetic relationship of the Gempylidae fishes using mitogenome data". Ecology and Evolution. 13 (6): e10217. Bibcode:2023EcoEv..1310217M. doi:10.1002/ece3.10217. ISSN   2045-7758. PMC   10283032 . PMID   37351481.
  5. ↑ "PBDB Taxon". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2025-02-14.
  6. ↑ Rust, Seabourne; Robinson, Jeffrey H. (2024-10-19). "Revisiting Eothyrsites holosquamatus Chapman (Trichiuroidea: Gempylidae), an Eocene gemfish from the Burnside Mudstone, Dunedin, New Zealand". Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 54 (5): 584–601. doi:10.1080/03036758.2023.2228211. ISSN   0303-6758.
  7. ↑ Rust, Seabourne; Robinson, Jeffrey H. (2023-07-12). "Revisiting Eothyrsites holosquamatus Chapman (Trichiuroidea: Gempylidae), an Eocene gemfish from the Burnside Mudstone, Dunedin, New Zealand". Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 54 (5): 584–601. doi: 10.1080/03036758.2023.2228211 . ISSN   0303-6758. PMC   11459795 .
  8. ↑ Danilʹchenko, P. G. (1967). Bony fishes of the Maikop deposits of the Caucasus.
  9. ↑ Bannikov, Alexandre F. (2008). "A new genus and species of putative euzaphlegid fish from the Eocene of Bolca in northern Italy (Periformes, Trichiuroidea)." Studi e Ricerche sui giacimenti Terziari di Bolca, XII Miscellanea Paleontologica 9: 99–107.
  10. ↑ David, Lore Rose (January 10, 1943). Miocene Fishes of Southern California. Geological Society of America. pp. 104–115.


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