Sulzbacheromyces fossicola

Last updated

Sulzbacheromyces fossicola
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Lepidostromatales
Family: Lepidostromataceae
Genus: Sulzbacheromyces
Species:
S. fossicola
Binomial name
Sulzbacheromyces fossicola
(Corner) D.Liu & Li S.Wang (2017)
Synonyms [1]
  • Clavaria fossicolaCorner (1950)
  • Multiclavula fossicola(Corner) R.H.Petersen (1967)

Sulzbacheromyces fossicola is a species of basidiolichen in the family Lepidostromataceae. [2] First described in 1950 by E. J. H. Corner as Clavaria fossicola, it is characterised by its dark green to indigo blue crusty growth form and distinctive white, club-shaped fruiting bodies that turn beige when dried. The species forms a thin layer on soil or rocks, where it lives in symbiosis with microscopic green algae. It is distributed across tropical and subtropical Asia, from India to Singapore, where it specifically grows on exposed yellow and red clay soils in shaded locations. The species was transferred to Sulzbacheromyces in 2017 based on molecular and morphological evidence.

Contents

Taxonomy

The lichen was first described as a new species in 1950 by E. J. H. Corner as Clavaria fossicola. [3] Ron Petersen reclassified it in the genus Multiclavula in 1967. [4] Dong Liu and Lisong Wang transferred it to genus Sulzbacheromyces in 2017. [5] Although they published the name with the spelling "fossicolus", it was corrected to "fossicola". [6] It is closely related to S. bicolor but can be distinguished by its uniformly white colouration and the absence of a silvery coating ( prothallus ) on its surface. Unlike S. bicolor, it also lacks specialised fungal connections called clamp connections in its cellular structure. [5]

Description

The organism forms a distinct crusty layer (thallus) on its substrate , covering areas of 5–30 cm in diameter. This crust appears dark green to indigo blue and becomes darker with age. It contains clusters of single-celled green algae (known as chlorococcoid algae) that are nearly spherical or elliptical in shape and are surrounded by transparent fungal threads (hyphae). The most conspicuous features are its upright fruiting bodies, which are club-shaped or cylindrical, occasionally branching from the base. These structures reach 0.3–2.5 cm in height and are pale to creamy white when fresh, turning beige when dried. Under the microscope, the reproductive cells (basidia) produce transparent, elliptical spores and possess 2–4 delicate protrusions (sterigmata) through which spores are released. [5]

Habitat and distribution

Sulzbacheromyces fossicola is found across tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, including China, Singapore, northern India, and Thailand. It specifically grows on yellow and red clay soils or rocks that have been exposed to the elements for two to three years, preferring shaded locations. While initially discovered in Singapore in 1950, subsequent discoveries have shown it to be widespread across southern Asia, though its preferred habitat requirements may limit its local abundance. [5]

Related Research Articles

Gypsoplacaceae is a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. This is a monotypic family, containing the single genus Gypsoplaca, which has a widespread distribution. The family and genus were described as new in 1990 by Norwegian lichenologist Einar Timdal. Gypsoplaca originally contained only the type species, Gypsoplaca macrophylla, but four species were added to the genus in 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Verrucariales</span> Order of fungi

Verrucariales is an order of ascomycetous fungi within the subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae of the class Eurotiomycetes. Although most of the Verrucariales are lichenised, the family Sarcopyreniaceae consists of 11 species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Verrucariaceae</span> Family of mostly lichenised fungi

Verrucariaceae is a family of lichens and a few non-lichenised fungi in the order Verrucariales. The lichens have a wide variety of thallus forms, from crustose (crust-like) to foliose (bushy) and squamulose (scaly). Most of them grow on land, some in freshwater and a few in the sea. Many are free-living but there are some species that are parasites on other lichens, while one marine species always lives together with a leafy green alga.

<i>Ramariopsis</i> Genus of fungi

Ramariopsis is a genus of coral fungi in the family Clavariaceae. The genus has a collectively widespread distribution and contains about 40 species. The name means 'having the appearance of Ramaria'.

<i>Clavaria</i> Genus of fungi

Clavaria is a genus of fungi in the family Clavariaceae. Species of Clavaria produce basidiocarps that are either cylindrical to club-shaped or branched and coral-like. They are often grouped with similar-looking species from other genera, when they are collectively known as the clavarioid fungi. All Clavaria species are terrestrial and most are believed to be saprotrophic. In Europe, they are typical of old, mossy, unimproved grassland. In North America and elsewhere, they are more commonly found in woodlands.

<i>Clavicorona</i> Genus of fungi

Clavicorona is a fungal genus in the family Clavariaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Maxwell Stanford Doty in 1947, who included the species C. pyxidata, C. cristata, C. taxophila, and C. candelabrum. E.J.H.Corner added another five species in 1950: C. candelabrum, C. colensoi, C. javanica, C. mairei, and C. tuba. He included C. dichotoma in 1970.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clavarioid fungi</span> Group of fungi

The clavarioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having erect, simple or branched basidiocarps that are formed on the ground, on decaying vegetation, or on dead wood. They are colloquially called club fungi and coral fungi.

<i>Bryoria</i> Genus of fungi

Bryoria is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. Many members of this genus are known as horsehair lichens. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in boreal and cool temperate areas.

<i>Multiclavula</i> Genus of fungi

Multiclavula is a genus of basidiolichens in the family Hydnaceae. The widespread genus contains 14 species. The genus was circumscribed by the American mycologist Ron Petersen in 1967, with Multiclavula corynoides assigned as the type species.

<i>Clavulinopsis umbrinella</i> Species of fungus

Clavulinopsis umbrinella, commonly known as the beige coral, is a coral mushroom in the family Clavariaceae. Fruit bodies are initially white before turning pale brown with darker brown tips. Originally described in 1860, it is known to occur in Europe and North America where it grows in grass. It is not a common species.

Ertzia is a monospecific genus in the family Lepidostromataceae. The sole species is Ertzia akagerae, a basidiolichen. The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by Brendan Hodkinson and Robert Lücking. Ertzia is distinguished from all other lichenized clavarioid fungi by having a microsquamulose thallus that forms contiguous glomerules with a cortex of jigsaw puzzle-shaped cells. Ertzia akagerae grows on soil in the African tropics.

Sulzbacheromyces is a genus of basidiolichens in the family Lepidostromataceae. The genus is distinguished from the other genera of Lepidostromataceae by having an entirely crustose thallus and from Multiclavula (Cantharellales) by having a chlorococcoid photobiont. The type species grows on soil in the neotropics.

<i>Lepidostroma</i> Genus of fungi

Lepidostroma is a genus in the family Lepidostromataceae. The genus is distinguished from all other lichenized clavarioid fungi by having a distinctly squamulose thallus with scattered to dense rounded to reniform squamules. Four species are known from the tropics of Africa and the Americas.

<i>Multiclavula vernalis</i> Species of fungus

Multiclavula vernalis or the orange club-mushroom lichen is a species of clavarioid fungus in the Clavulinaceae family. It was originally named as a species of Clavaria in 1822 by Lewis David de Schweinitz. Ronald H. Petersen transferred it to Multiclavula in 1967.

<i>Lichenomphalia velutina</i> Species of basidiolichen

Lichenomphalia velutina is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It was first formally described in 1886 by the French mycologist Lucien Quélet, who classified it in the genus Omphalia. It was transferred to its current genus, Lichenomphalia, in 2002. Known primarily as having a European and North American distribution, the fungus was recorded from China for the first time in 2018. Chinese collections occur at elevations greater than 3,000 m (9,800 ft), while those in Europe tend to be at elevations under 1,500 m (4,900 ft). Lichenomphalia velutina also occurs in Greenland. It grows on soil and on moss.

<i>Multiclavula mucida</i> Species of lichen

Multiclavula mucida is a globally distributed species of basidiolichen belonging to the family Hydnaceae. Since its initial classification by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1797, the species has been described under various synonyms and associated with multiple genera. Persoon described its fruiting bodies as gregarious, varying from simple to branching structures, predominantly whitish in colour with yellow to brownish tips. He also noted its frequent appearance in autumn on decaying, moist wood, often covered with a greenish crust necessary for its growth.

Sulzbacheromyces bicolor is a species of basidiolichen in the family Lepidostromataceae. It occurs in Yunnan, China.

Sulzbacheromyces miomboensis is a species of basidiolichen in the family Lepidostromataceae. Found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as was described as new to science in 2017.

Sulzbacheromyces sinensis is a species of basidiolichen in the family Lepidostromataceae. It is found in Asia.

Sulzbacheromyces yunnanensis is a species of basidiolichen in the family Lepidostromataceae. It is found in Yunnan, China.

References

  1. ↑ "GSD Species Synonymy. Current Name: Sulzbacheromyces fossicola (Corner) Dong Liu & Li S. Wang [as 'fossicolus'], Mycologia 109(5): 737 (2017)". Species Fungorum . Retrieved 28 November 2024.
  2. ↑ "Sulzbacheromyces fossicola (Corner) Dong Liu & Li S. Wang". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
  3. ↑ Corner, E.J.H. (1950). "A Monograph of Clavaria and Allied Genera". Annals of Botany Memoirs. 1. Oxford University Press: 691.
  4. ↑ Petersen, R.H. (1967). "Notes on clavarioid fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalisC. mucida complex". The American Midland Naturalist. 77 (1): 205–221. doi:10.2307/2423440. JSTOR   2423440.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Liu, Dong; Goffinet, Bernard; Ertz, Damien; Kesel, André De; Wang, Xinyu; Hur, Jae-Seoun; Shi, Haixia; Zhang, Yanyun; Yang, Meixia; Wang, Lisong (2018). "Circumscription and phylogeny of the Lepidostromatales (Lichenized Basidiomycota) following discovery of new species from China and Africa". Mycologia. 109 (5): 730–748. doi:10.1080/00275514.2017.1406767. PMID   29370576.
  6. ↑ "Record Details: Sulzbacheromyces fossicola (Corner) Dong Liu & Li S. Wang [as 'fossicolus'], Mycologia 109(5): 737 (2017)". Index Fungorum . Retrieved 29 November 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.