Tangahoe Formation

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Tangahoe Formation
Stratigraphic range: Middle Pliocene ~3.4–3.0  Ma
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Waihi Beach Reserve 12.jpg
Exposed rock at Waihi Beach Reserve, South Taranaki, New Zealand
Lithology
PrimaryMudstone
Location
Coordinates 39°30′S174°50′E / 39.500°S 174.833°E / -39.500; 174.833
Region Taranaki
CountryNew Zealand
Extent Wanganui Basin, North Island
New Zealand (relief map).png
Orange ff8040 pog.svg
Tangahoe Formation (New Zealand)

The Tangahoe Formation is a geologic formation in the southwestern North Island of New Zealand.

Contents

The formation occurs in the Taranaki and Manawatū-Whanganui Regions, spreading in an east–west band for 200 kilometres (120 mi) from the volcanic deposits of Mount Taranaki in the west to the Ruahine Ranges in the east, in a band with an average width of around 20 kilometres (12 mi). [1] It becomes exposed at its western end close to the Tasman Sea coast near Hāwera in a series of cliff faces. [2] The formation takes its name from the Tangahoe River, close to the exposed cliffs.

The formation is sedimentary, composed largely of muddy sandstones, and was formed beneath sea level in the Waipipian stage of the mid-Pliocene some 3.4 to 3.0 million years ago. [2]

Fossil content

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

The formation is an important fossil site. Many marine fossils have been recovered from its mudstones, including the megalodon shark, giant petrel Macronectes tinae , penguin Eudyptes atatu , monk seal Eomonachus belegaerensis, and cetaceans. [3] [4]

Mammals

Mammals reported from the Tangahoe Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Delphinidae indet. [5] IndeterminateWaihi Beach Mandible.A dolphin, probably from a species of Delphinus or Stenella .
Eomonachus [6] E. belegaerensisNorthwest of Waihi Stream on Ohawe and Waihi Beaches.Skull elements.A monk seal.

Birds

Birds reported from the Tangahoe Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Aldiomedes [7] A. angustirostrisOhawe Beach.Skull.An albatross.
Ardenna A. buchananbrowni [8] Ohawe & Waihi beaches.2 partial skeletons.A shearwater.
A. davealleni [9] Ohawe Beach.Partial skeleton.A shearwater.
Eudyptes [10] E. atatu No exact locality record.Multiple partial skeletons.A penguin.
Eudyptula [11] E. wilsonaeNo exact locality record.Skulls.A penguin.
Macronectes [4] M. tinae Hawera.Skull & humerus.A petrel.
Macronectes tinae live reconstruction.png
Pelagornithidae [12] UndescribedWaihi Beach.Partial humerus & radius.An unnamed species of pseudotooth bird.
Procellaria [13] P. altirostrisOhawe Beach.Partial skeleton.A petrel.
Tereingaornis [14] T. moisleyiWaihi Beach.Left humerus & coracoid.A penguin, now deemed a nomen dubium . [15]

Fish

Fish reported from the Tangahoe Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Carcharodon [16] C. megalodon Hawera.Vertebrae.Species now moved to Otodus .
Ikamauius [17] I. ensiferWaihi Beach.Rostral denticle.A sawshark.
Otodus [16] O. megalodon Hawera.Vertebrae.A megatooth shark, originally reported as Carcharodon megalodon.
Lateral view of otouds megalodon.png
Pristiophorus [18] P. lanceolatusNorthwest of the Tangahoe River mouth.Rostral denticle.Species now deemed a nomen dubium , specimen reassigned as P. sp. [19]
P. sp.Northwest of the Tangahoe River mouth.Rostral denticle.A sawshark, originally reported as P. lanceolatus.
Pristiophorus lanceolatus.jpg
cf. Tetrosomus [20] cf. T. sp.Waihi BeachA near-complete articulated specimen.A boxfish.

Invertebrates

Invertebrates reported from the Tangahoe Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Palaega [21] P. kakatahiBetween Raukawa Falls & Kakatahi.A single specimen.A cirolanid isopod.

References

  1. ↑ Kamp, P. J. J., et al. (2023) "Geology map of western North Island, showing the main stratigraphic units in the Taranaki, King Country and Wanganui basins," www.researchgate.net. Accessed 9 February 2023.
  2. 1 2 Naish, T. R., et al. (2005) "An integrated sequence stratigraphic, palaeoenvironmental, and chronostratigraphic analysis of the Tangahoe Formation, southern Taranaki coast, with implications for mid-Pliocene (c. 3.4–3.0 Ma) glacio-eustatic sea-level changes," Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 35(1&2), 151-196. Accessed 9 February 2023.
  3. ↑ Lambert, R., "Taranaki region - Geology and climate," Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand Accessed 9 February 2023.
  4. 1 2 Tennyson, A.J.D.; Salvador, R.B. (2023). "A New Giant Petrel (Macronectes, Aves: Procellariidae) from the Pliocene of Taranaki, New Zealand". Taxonomy. 3 (1): 57–67. doi: 10.3390/taxonomy3010006 . hdl: 10037/29075 .
  5. ↑ McKEE, J. W. A.; Fordyce, R. Ewan (1987). "Dolphin mandible (Delphinidae) from the Waipipian Stage (Pliocene), Waihi Beach, Taranaki, New Zealand (Note)" . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 30 (3): 321–323. doi:10.1080/00288306.1987.10552627. ISSN   0028-8306.
  6. ↑ Rule, James P.; Adams, Justin W.; Marx, Felix G.; Evans, Alistair R.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Scofield, R. Paul; Fitzgerald, Erich M. G. (11 November 2020). "First monk seal from the Southern Hemisphere rewrites the evolutionary history of true seals". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 287 (1938): 20202318. doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.2318. ISSN   0962-8452. PMC   7735288 . PMID   33171079.
  7. ↑ Mayr, Gerald; Tennyson, Alan J. D. (16 July 2020). "A small, narrow-beaked albatross from the Pliocene of New Zealand demonstrates a higher past diversity in the feeding ecology of the Diomedeidae" . Ibis. 162 (3): 723–734. doi:10.1111/ibi.12757. ISSN   0019-1019.
  8. ↑ Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Salvador, Rodrigo B.; Tomotani, Barbara M.; Marx, Felix G. (2024). "A New Diving Pliocene Ardenna Shearwater (Aves: Procellariidae) from New Zealand". Taxonomy. 4 (2): 237–249. doi: 10.3390/taxonomy4020012 . hdl: 10037/33366 . ISSN   2673-6500.
  9. ↑ Tennyson, Alan J.D.; Mannering, Al A. (January 2018). "A new species of Pliocene shearwater (Aves: Procellariidae) from New Zealand". Tuhinga. 29: 1–19.
  10. ↑ Thomas, Daniel B.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Scofield, R. Paul; Heath, Tracy A.; Pett, Walker; Ksepka, Daniel T. (12 August 2020). "Ancient crested penguin constrains timing of recruitment into seabird hotspot". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 287 (1932). doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.1497. ISSN   0962-8452. PMC   7575517 . PMID   32781949.
  11. ↑ Thomas, Daniel B.; Tennyson, Alan J.D.; Marx, Felix G.; Ksepka, Daniel T. (2023). "Pliocene fossils support a New Zealand origin for the smallest extant penguins". Journal of Paleontology. 97 (3): 711–721. doi:10.1017/jpa.2023.30. ISSN   0022-3360.
  12. ↑ McKee, Joseph W. A. (1985). "A pseudodontorn (Pelecaniformes: Pelagornithidae) from the middle Pliocene of Hawera, Taranaki, New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 12 (2): 181–184. doi:10.1080/03014223.1985.10428278. ISSN   0301-4223.
  13. ↑ Tennyson, Alan James Drummond; Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (29 January 2021). "A new fossil species of Procellaria (Aves: Procellariiformes) from the Pliocene of New Zealand". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. 61: e20216116. doi: 10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.16 . ISSN   1807-0205.
  14. ↑ McKee, Joseph W.A. (1987). "The occurrence of the Pliocene penguin Tereingaornis moisleyi (Sphenisciformes: Spheniscidae) at Hawera, Taranaki, New Zealand" . New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 14 (4): 557–561. doi:10.1080/03014223.1987.10423029. ISSN   0301-4223.
  15. ↑ Thomas, Daniel B.; Ksepka, Daniel T.; Holvast, Emma J.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Scofield, Paul (2 July 2020). "Re-evaluating New Zealand's endemic Pliocene penguin genus" . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 63 (3): 324–330. doi:10.1080/00288306.2019.1699583. ISSN   0028-8306.
  16. 1 2 McKee, JWA (1994). "Carcharodon megalodon vertebrae from the Pliocene Tangahoe Formation, Hawera, New Zealand-with an estimation of the shark size based on these vertebrae". Geological Society of New Zealand Miscellaneous Publication. 80A: 124.
  17. ↑ Keyes, I.W. (1979). "Ikamauius , a new genus of fossil sawshark (Order Selachii: Family Pristiophoridae) from the Cenozoic of New Zealand" . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 22 (1): 125–129. doi:10.1080/00288306.1979.10422558. ISSN   0028-8306.
  18. ↑ Keyes, I. W. (1982). "The Cenozoic sawshark Pristiophorus lanceolatus (Davis) (Order Selachii) of New Zealand and Australia, with a review of the phylogeny and distribution of world fossil and extant Pristiophoridae". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 25 (4): 459–474. doi:10.1080/00288306.1982.10421510. ISSN   0028-8306.
  19. ↑ Engelbrecht, Andrea; Mörs, Thomas; Reguero, Marcelo A.; Kriwet, Jürgen (18 August 2017). "A new sawshark, Pristiophorus laevis , from the Eocene of Antarctica with comments on Pristiophorus lanceolatus". Historical Biology. 29 (6): 841–853. doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1252761. ISSN   0891-2963. PMC   5447807 . PMID   28579693.
  20. ↑ Gottfried, Michael D.; Tennyson, Alan J. D. (4 October 2023). "A Pliocene boxfish (Tetraodontiformes, Ostraciidae) from New Zealand – a preview of future environmental change?". Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 54 (5): 602–608. doi:10.1080/03036758.2023.2256681. ISSN   0303-6758. PMC   11459821 .
  21. ↑ Feldmann, Rodney M.; Rust, Seabourne (2006). "Palaega kakatahi n. sp.: The first record of a marine fossil isopod from the Pliocene of New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 49 (4): 411–415. doi:10.1080/00288306.2006.9515177. ISSN   0028-8306.


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