Tboli sunbird

Last updated

Tboli sunbird
Tboli Sunbird Pair.jpg
Male
Tboli Sunbird Female.jpg
Female
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Nectariniidae
Genus: Aethopyga
Species:
A. boltoni
Subspecies:
A. b. tibolii
Trinomial name
Aethopyga boltoni tibolii

The Tboli sunbird (Aethopyga boltoni tiboli) is a subspecies of bird in the sunbird family Nectariniidae. It is endemic to the Philippines found only in the mountains of south Mindanao. Its natural habitat is tropical moist montane forest starting from 800 meters above sea level. This subspecies is recognized as a distinct species by The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World.

Contents

Description and taxonomy

Ebird describes it as a "A small, localized bird of montane forest in southern Mindanao. Has a long, curved bill, a gray head, yellow underparts and rump, an olive back and wings, and a white-tipped tail. Male has a narrow pale yellow throat stripe from the bill to the chest bordered with dark gray, a greenish-blue tail, and an orange patch in front of the shoulder. Female has a pale gray throat and a faintly streaked chest. Similar to Gray-hooded Sunbird, but Tboli has a yellow rather than white belly. Voice similar to Apo Sunbird’s, including a rapid pulsing series of “chip!” notes and a high-pitched upslurred “chuuuuuit!”” [1]

This species was first collected in 1964 by Dioscoro S. Rabor but it was only in 1997 that it was recognized as a distinct subspecies. It is extremely similar to the Apo sunbird but is duller in plumage and has paler pectoral tufts.

This subspecies is classified as its own species by The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. [2]

Ecology and behavior

This species is presumed to feed primarily on nectar but will also supplement its diet with insects especially when it is nesting.This species is found singly, in pairs and forms mixed species flocks with other forest birds. [3] [4]

Not much information about this species' ecology has been published aside the paper released when it was described as a subspecies in 1997. The Apo sunbird is better studied and it is highly likely to have the same breeding habits. Apo sunbirds have been recorded breeding in January to July. Its nest was described as built of moss, spider eggs and insect cases. [5]

Habitat and conservation status

The Apo sunbird is a bird local to the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. It can be found in mountainous areas in the southern parts of the island on Mount Matutum and Mount Busa in the provinces of South Cotabato and Sarangani [6] Its natural habitat is in montane rainforest above 800 meters above sea leve which is significantly lower than the boltoni and malindangensis Apo sunbirds which are found above 1,500 meters above sea level. [7]

The Tboli sunbird has not yet been recognized as its own species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The Apo sunbird is listed as least concern but was formerly near threatened. Despite its limited range, it is said to be locally common.

As it occurs in rugged and inaccessible mountains, this has allowed a large portion of its habitat to remain intact. However, there it is still affected by habitat loss through deforestation, mining, land conversion and slash-and-burn - just not to the same extent as lowland forest. It is found in the protected areas of Lake Holon and Mount Matutum but actual protection from deforestation is still lax.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mindanao hornbill</span> Species of bird

The Mindanao hornbill, also known as the Mindanao tarictic hornbill, is a medium-small species of hornbill found in the canopy of rainforests on Mindanao, Dinagat, Siargao and Basilan in the southern Philippines. All five Philippine tarictics were once considered a single species. Its population declining due to habitat destruction, hunting and the illegal wildlife trade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Samar hornbill</span> Species of bird

The Samar hornbill is a species of hornbill in the family Bucerotidae. It is found in forests on the islands of Samar, Calicoan, Leyte and Bohol in the east-central Philippines. As is the case with all Philippine tarictic hornbills, it has been considered a subspecies of Visayan hornbill Alternatively, it is considered a subspecies of Mindanao hornbill.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mindanao brown dove</span> Species of bird

The Mindanao brown dove is a threatened species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to forests on the Philippine islands of Mindanao and Basilan, but it has not been recorded from the latter island since 1937. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting. Until recently, it was considered conspecific with the Tawitawi brown dove and collectively called the dark-eared brown dove.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-eared brown dove</span> Species of bird

The white-eared brown dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, and is most commonly found in lowland and montane forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Handsome sunbird</span> Species of bird

The handsome sunbird is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is endemic to the Philippines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apo sunbird</span> Species of bird

The Apo sunbird is a species of bird in the sunbird family Nectariniidae. It is endemic to the island of Mindanao in the Philippines.It is found in tropical moist montane forests above 1,500 meters above sea level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flaming sunbird</span> Species of bird

The flaming sunbird is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is endemic to the northern Philippines found on the islands of Luzon and Catanduanes. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests. It was formerly conspecific with the Maroon-naped sunbird.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lina's sunbird</span> Species of bird

Lina's sunbird is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae It is endemic to mountains in the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. It is one of the most striking sunbirds in the country with the male having an iridescent blue color and an orange spot on its yellow breast. It is named after Dioscoro S. Rabor's wife, Lina who would assist Dioscoro on expeditions. Its natural habitat is tropical moist montane forest above 1000m. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey-hooded sunbird</span> Species of bird

The grey-hooded sunbird is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is endemic to the Philippines found only in the moist montane forests of Mindanao. It is one of the three montane Mindanao endemic sunbirds along with the Lina's sunbird and the Apo sunbird.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metallic-winged sunbird</span> Species of bird

The metallic-winged sunbird is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is endemic to the Philippines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lovely sunbird</span> Species of bird

The lovely sunbird is a bird species in the family Nectariniidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and tropical moist montane forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Striped flowerpecker</span> Species of bird

The striped flowerpecker is a species of bird in the family Dicaeidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forest and tropical moist montane forest. It is part of the Thick-billed flowerpecker species complex and was formerly conspecific with it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bicolored flowerpecker</span> Species of bird

The bicolored flowerpecker is a species of bird in the family Dicaeidae. It is endemic to the Philippines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pygmy flowerpecker</span> Species of bird

The pygmy flowerpecker is a species of bird in the family Dicaeidae. It is endemic to the Philippines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey-throated sunbird</span> Species of bird

The grey-throated sunbird is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is found in a wide range of semi-open wooded habitats in the northern and eastern part of the Philippines. It is often considered a subspecies of the brown-throated sunbird, but the two differ consistently in measurements and plumage, and there is no evidence of intergradation between them.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orange-tufted spiderhunter</span> Species of bird

The orange-tufted spiderhunter is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is endemic to the Philippines found only on Mindanao and Eastern Visayas. It was originally considered a subspecies of the little spiderhunter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bundok flycatcher</span> Species of bird

The Bundok flycatcher or thicket flycatcher, is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is endemic to the Philippines found in tropical montane forest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flame-crowned flowerpecker</span> Species of bird

The flame-crowned flowerpecker is a species of bird in the family Dicaeidae. It is endemic to Mindanao in the Philippines. The yellow-crowned flowerpecker, which is endemic to Luzon, was formerly considered conspecific.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mindanao serin</span> Species of bird

The Mindanao serin is a species of finch in the family Fringillidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mindanao island thrush</span> Species of bird

The Mindanao island thrush, also known as the Negros island thrush, is a species of passerine in the family Turdidae. It is endemic to the Philippines found in the tropical moist montane forests of Negros and Mindanao. Prior to 2024, it was four separate subspecies of Island thrush, before the Island thrush was split into 17 species by the IOC and Clements checklist.

References

  1. ↑ "Apo Sunbird - eBird". ebird.org. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  2. ↑ Cheke, Robert; Mann, Clive; Kirwan, Guy M. (2020). "Tboli Sunbird (Aethopyga tibolii), version 2.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.tbosun1.02species_shared.bow.project_name. ISSN   2771-3105.
  3. ↑ "Our Beautiful World: Sunbirds, Genus Aethopyga". www.vulkaner.no. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  4. ↑ "Apo Sunbird (Aethopyga boltoni) - BirdLife species factsheet". datazone.birdlife.org. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  5. ↑ Cheke, Robert; Mann, Clive; Kirwan, Guy M. (2020). "Tboli Sunbird (Aethopyga tibolii), version 2.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.tbosun1.02species_shared.bow.project_name. ISSN   2771-3105.
  6. ↑ Cheke, Robert; Mann, Clive; Kirwan, Guy M. (2020). "Apo Sunbird (Aethopyga boltoni), version 2.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.moasun1.02.
  7. ↑ Cheke, Robert; Mann, Clive; Kirwan, Guy M. (2020). "Tboli Sunbird (Aethopyga tibolii), version 2.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.tbosun1.02species_shared.bow.project_name. ISSN   2771-3105.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.