Lobaria is a genus of foliose lichens, formerly classified in the family Lobariaceae, but now placed in the Peltigeraceae. They are commonly known as "lung wort" or "lungmoss" as their physical shape somewhat resembles a lung, and their ecological niche is similar to that of moss.
Capnodiales is a diverse order of Dothideomycetes, initially based on the family Capnodiaceae, also known as sooty mold fungi. Sooty molds grow as epiphytes, forming masses of black cells on plant leaves and are often associated with the honeydew secreted by insects feeding on plant sap. This diverse order has been expanded by the addition of several families formerly thought unrelated and now also includes saprobes, endophytes, plant pathogens, lichens and rock-inhabiting fungi. The new additions include the genus Mycosphaerella containing the causal agents of several economically important crop and tree diseases. A small number of these fungi are also able to parasitise humans and animals, including species able to colonise human hair shafts.
Fellhanera is a genus of mostly leaf-dwelling lichens in the family Pilocarpaceae. The genus, circumscribed by lichenologist Antonín Vězda in 1986, honours Austrian lichenologist Josef Hafellner.
Anaptychia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae.
Anisomeridium is a genus of lichens in the family Monoblastiaceae. The type species was originally named Arthopyrenia xylogena by Swiss botanist Johannes Müller Argoviensis in 1883; in 1928, Maurice Choisy defined the genus Anisomeridium, designating A. xylogena the type species.
Clavascidium is a genus of lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1996 by Austrian lichenologist Othmar Breuss. Because the type species of the genus, Clavascidium umbrinum, has been shown using molecular phylogenetics to belong to genus Placidium, Cécile Gueidan and colleagues proposed to unite Clavascidium with Placidium in a 2009 publication. Despite this, the genus has been retained in recent publications of fungal classification.
Merismatium is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi of uncertain familial placement in the order Verrucariales. The genus was circumscribed in 1898 by Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf.
Henrica is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. It has four species. The genus was circumscribed by Maurice Bouly de Lesdain in 1921, with Henrica ramulosa assigned as the type species. The generic name Henrica honours Italian clergyman and lichenologist Joseph-Marie Henry (1870–1947).
Thelidium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Verrucariaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1855 by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo, who assigned Thelidium amylaceum as the type species.
Lethariella is a genus of fruticose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus was originally proposed as a subgenus of Usnea by Polish lichenologist Józef Motyka in his 1936 monograph of that genus. Norwegian botanist Hildur Krog elevated the taxon to generic status in 1976.
Hypogymnia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. They are commonly known as tube lichens, bone lichens, or pillow lichens. Most species lack rhizines that are otherwise common in members of the Parmeliaceae, and have swollen lobes that are usually hollow. Other common characteristics are relatively small spores and the presence of physodic acid and related lichen products. The lichens usually grow on the bark and wood of coniferous trees.
Chaenothecopsis is a genus of about 40 species of pin lichens in the family Mycocaliciaceae. Many of the species are resinicolous, meaning they grow on conifer resin or other plant exudates. Most common host plants are trees in the genera Abies, Picea, and Tsuga.
Phaeocalicium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Mycocaliciaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1970 by German lichenologist Alexander Schmidt, with Phaeocalicium praecedens assigned as the type species.
Stenocybe is a genus of fungi in the family Mycocaliciaceae. It has 14 species.
Calenia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi within the family Gomphillaceae.
Arthrorhaphis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic family Arthrorhaphidaceae. It has 13 species. The genus was circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1860. The family was proposed by lichenologists Josef Poelt and Josef Hafellner in 1976. Species in this family have a widespread distribution in temperate and montane habitats. They grow symbiotically with green algae, or parasitically on other lichens. The family Arthrorhaphidaceae has an uncertain taxonomic placement in the class Lecanoromycetes; that is, it is incertae sedis with respect to ordinal placement.
Thamnolia papelillo is a species of whiteworm lichen in the family Icmadophilaceae. It was described as a new species in 2004 by Norwegian lichenologist Rolf Santesson. It is found in Peru, where it grows on grazed grass steppe. Until Santesson's publication, it had been considered a variety of Thamolia vermicularis. It differs from T. vermicularis in having flat and wide podetia and a distribution restricted to South America.
Thamnolia tundrae is a species of lichen in the family Icmadophilaceae. Its distribution covers the arctic tundra of Eurasia and extends to the North American Aleutian Islands. It was formally described as a new species in 2018 by Ioana Brännström and Leif Tibell. The type specimen was collected from Täljstensvalen mountain. Its thallus features white, hollow, cylindrical tufts, which are morphologically the same as the other members of genus Thamnolia. Thamnolia tundrae, however, is phylogenetically distinct from these other similar species. Secondary compounds found in the lichen include baeomycesic acid and squamatic acid. The species is suspected to have survived the latest glaciation in coastal refugia in regions close to its current range.
Atla is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. It has nine species that grow on rocks or on soil.
Ionaspis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Hymeneliaceae. It contains six species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. The genus was originally circumscribed in 1871 by Theodor Magnus Fries. He segregated the genus from Aspicilia based on the presence of Trentepohlia rather than Trebouxia as the photobiont partner.
