The Boat | |
---|---|
Directed by | Buster Keaton Edward F. Cline |
Written by | Buster Keaton Edward F. Cline |
Produced by | Joseph M. Schenck |
Starring | Buster Keaton Sybil Seely |
Cinematography | Elgin Lessley |
Distributed by | First National Pictures |
Release date |
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Running time | 23 minutes |
Country | United States |
Language | Silent (English intertitles) |
The Boat is a 1921 American two-reel silent comedy film written and directed by, and starring Buster Keaton. Contemporary reviews consider it one of his best shorts, with One Week (1920), The Playhouse (1921) and Cops (1922). [1] It is presently in the public domain. [2] The International Buster Keaton Society takes its name, The Damfinos, from the name of the film's boat.
Buster is married with two children (both of whom wear child-sized versions of the same pork pie hat [3] ). He has built a large boat he has christened Damfino inside his home. When he finishes and decides to take the boat out to sea, he realizes it is too large to fit through the door. He enlarges the opening a bit, but when he tows the boat out using a pulley line from his Model T car, the boat proves to be a bit bigger than he estimated, and the house completely collapses.
When he attempts to launch the boat, Buster loses the family car. The boat passes with impunity under the exceedingly low bridges of the Venice (California) canals thanks to Buster's clever boat design. Once they're out on the Pacific, Buster and his family are caught in a terrible storm. The boat is barely seaworthy to begin with, and it does not help that Buster nails a picture up inside the boat, causing an improbable leak; or when he further drills through the bottom of the boat to let the water out, resulting in a spectacular gusher. He radios a Morse Code call for help, but when the Coast Guard operator asks who it is, he answers, "d-a-m-f-i-n-o" in Morse Code. The operator interprets it as "damn if I know" [4] and dismisses the call as a prank. Taking to a ridiculously small dinghy that is in fact a bathtub, the family resign themselves to sinking into the sea—until they realize they are actually standing in shallow water. After wading a short distance, they come up on a deserted beach in the dark of night. "Where are we?" asks his wife (via an intertitle), to which Buster replies, "Damn if I know" (mouthing the words to the camera; no intertitle is used).
The Boat is a classic retelling of Keaton's favorite theme of Man Versus Machine. The accompanying themes of calamity and destruction pave the way for the "little man" to regain control of the situation. [5]
Oldham notes that the boat's name, Damfino (or "damn if I know") reflects Keaton's own reaction to the perplexing and challenging world he confronts in his films. [6] As the name is referenced numerous times throughout the film, Oldham also describes it as "probably the longest running single pun in the history of the silent film". [6] In their book Buster Keaton and the Muskegon Connection, Okkonen and Pesch assert that Keaton picked up the name from a powerboat entry in an Actors' Colony regatta in Muskegon, Michigan. [7] Keaton reused the name for a racing shell in his 1927 film College . [8] Members of the International Buster Keaton Society informally call themselves The Damfinos. [9]
Neibur and Niemi consider The Boat the third installment in a trilogy of films about a young married couple, beginning with The Scarecrow (1920) and continuing with One Week (1920). [10] They also note the parallelism between the ending of One Week, in which the couple's home is destroyed by a train, and the beginning of The Boat, in which their house is destroyed by the boat. [4] Keaton considered combining One Week and The Boat into a single four-reeler that would follow the adventures of a young couple. To that end, Virginia Fox, who was originally cast as the wife in The Boat, was replaced with Sybil Seely, the wife in One Week. However, the idea of combining the films was never realized. [10] [3]
The boat launch, in which the vessel slides out of the launching ramp and sinks straight into the water, took three days to film. [11] [3] Technical director Fred Gabourie had two 35 ft (11 m) boats built for the production—one to float and one to sink. [3] However, neither vessel performed its function. [3] The production crew initially weighted the boat meant to sink with approximately 1,600 lb (730 kg) of pig iron and T-rails, but as the vessel slid off the ramp it slowed down instead of gliding underwater. Keaton later explained that an undercrank could not be used because it would make the surface of the water "jumpy". The crew next constructed a breakaway stern so the vessel would collapse upon hitting the water—but an air pocket in the nose of the boat kept the nose up out of the water. As a next strategy, the crew drilled holes all over the boat to ensure it would sink. But the buoyancy of the wood itself stopped it from sinking quickly. Finally, the crew towed the boat out to Balboa Bay off Newport Beach, California, and sank an anchor with a cable attached to a pulley mounted on the stern. At the other end, the cable was attached to a tugboat, which dragged the boat under the water to complete the gag. [11]
Keaton and Gabourie also conceived the design of the boat's collapsible funnels, mast, and rigging which enable it to pass under bridges, in another inventive sight gag. [12]
Metro Pictures released The Boat on November 10, 1921, [10] including versions with the foreign titles La barca (Italy and Spain), Frigocapitaine au long cours (France), Acksónak (Hungary) and Buster merenkulkijana (Finland). [10]
The Boat was well-received by filmgoers. [10] Keaton considered it one of his personal favorites. [10] In his autobiography My Wonderful World of Slapstick, Keaton said that the signature image of his pork pie hat floating on the water at the end of the film instantly identified him and made audiences think he was "walking underwater just underneath it". [13]
A 1921 review in The Washington Post called the film a classic, suggesting that Keaton must have consulted with the United States Navy to come up with "every possible mishap that can by any possibility befall a vessel plying the high seas". [14]
Joseph Frank "Buster" Keaton was an American actor, comedian and film director. He is best known for his silent films during the 1920s, in which he performed physical comedy and stunts with a stoic, deadpan expression that became his trademark and earned him the nickname "The Great Stone Face". Critic Roger Ebert wrote of Keaton's "extraordinary period from 1920 to 1929" when he "worked without interruption" as having made him "the greatest actor-director in the history of the movies". In 1996, Entertainment Weekly recognized Keaton as the seventh-greatest film director. and in 1999 the American Film Institute ranked him as the 21st-greatest male star of classic Hollywood cinema.
Cops is a 1922 American two-reel silent comedy film about a young man who accidentally gets on the bad side of the entire Los Angeles Police Department during a parade and is chased all over town. It was written and directed by Edward F. Cline and Keaton. This very Kafka-esque film was filmed during the rape-and-murder trial of Fatty Arbuckle, a circumstance that may have influenced the short's tone of hopeless ensnarement.
Roscoe Conkling "Fatty" Arbuckle was an American silent film actor, director, and screenwriter. He started at the Selig Polyscope Company and eventually moved to Keystone Studios, where he worked with Mabel Normand and Harold Lloyd as well as with his nephew, Al St. John. He also mentored Charlie Chaplin, Monty Banks and Bob Hope, and brought vaudeville star Buster Keaton into the movie business. Arbuckle was one of the most popular silent stars of the 1910s and one of the highest-paid actors in Hollywood, signing a contract in 1920 with Paramount Pictures for $1,000,000 a year.
Edward Francis Cline was an American screenwriter, actor, writer and director best known for his work with comedians W.C. Fields and Buster Keaton. He was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin and died in Hollywood, California.
Steamboat Bill, Jr. is a 1928 silent comedy film starring Buster Keaton. Released by United Artists, the film is the final product of Keaton's independent production team and set of gag writers.
Educational Pictures, also known as Educational Film Exchanges, Inc. or Educational Films Corporation of America, was an American film production and film distribution company founded in 1916 by Earle Hammons (1882–1962). Educational primarily distributed short subjects; it is best known for its series of comedies starring Buster Keaton (1934–37) and the earliest screen appearances of Shirley Temple (1932–34). The company ceased production in 1938, and finally closed in 1940 when its film library was sold at auction.
One Week is a 1920 American two-reel silent comedy film starring Buster Keaton, the first independent film production he released on his own. The film was written and directed by Keaton and Edward F. Cline, and runs for 19 minutes. Sybil Seely co-stars. The film contains a large number of innovative visual gags largely pertaining to either the house or to ladders.
The Navigator is a 1924 American comedy film directed by and starring Buster Keaton. The film was written by Clyde Bruckman and co-directed by Donald Crisp. In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."
The Love Nest is a 1923 American short comedy silent film written and directed by and starring Buster Keaton. It is his 19th and final film at Buster Keaton Productions and last silent short film.
The Railrodder is a 1965 short comedy film starring Buster Keaton in one of his final film roles, directed and written by Gerald Potterton and produced by the National Film Board of Canada (NFB). A 25-minute comedic travelogue of Canada, The Railrodder was also Keaton's final silent film, as the film contains no dialogue and all sound effects are overdubbed.
Ted Okuda is an American non-fiction author and film historian. He has many books and magazine features to his credit, under his own name and in collaboration with others.
Buster Keaton Rides Again is a 55-minute 1965 documentary film directed by John Spotton and narrated by Michael Kane. The film is a behind-the-scenes documentary shot while Buster Keaton's film The Railrodder (1965), was being produced. Although it is a production documentary, the film is actually longer than The Railrodder, which was only 24 minutes long. Both films were produced by the National Film Board of Canada (NFB). A French version of Buster Keaton Rides Again, Avec Buster Keaton was also released.
The Rough House is a 1917 American two-reel silent comedy film written by, directed by, and starring both Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle and Buster Keaton. The Rough House was Keaton's first film as a director.
The Frozen North is a 1922 American short comedy film directed by and starring Buster Keaton. The film is a parody of early western films, especially those of William S. Hart. The film was written by Keaton and Edward F. Cline. The film runs for around 17 minutes. Sybil Seely and Bonnie Hill co-star in the film.
Sybil Seely was a silent film actress who worked with the well known silent film comedy actor Buster Keaton. She was credited in some of her films as Sibye Trevilla.
Raymond Rohauer was an American film collector and distributor.
Elgin Lessley was an American hand-crank cameraman of the silent film era—a period of filmmaking when virtually all special effects work had to be produced inside the camera during filming. Though Lessley worked earlier with Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, and later with Harry Langdon, he is best known for the groundbreaking effects he produced with Buster Keaton, who dubbed him "the human metronome" for his ability to crank consistently at any requested speed.
Frank D. Williams was a pioneering cinematographer who was active in the early days of the motion picture industry. He developed and patented the traveling matte shot.
The International Buster Keaton Society Inc.— a.k.a. "The Damfinos"—is the official educational organization dedicated to comedy film producer-director-writer-actor-stuntman Buster Keaton.
Fred Gabourie was a technical director and department head.