Publication history
Background
During the decade of the 1910s, Boston was at the time one of the centers of the foreign language federations of the Socialist Party of America [1] — organized groups of immigrants conducting their activities in languages other than English. Many of these foreign language groups, particularly those hailing from the Russian empire, were deeply inspired by the Marxist revolutionary movement which overthrew the Tsarist regime in 1917. This emerging revolutionary left in the Socialist party sought to advance its ideas through the establishments.
The immediate forerunner of The Revolutionary Age was a newspaper called The New International, issued n New York under the auspices of the Socialist Propaganda League. [2] This paper was launched early in 1917, but ran out of funds by summer, forcing its outright suspension from the middle of July until the start of October 1917. [2] Only a few irregularly appearing issues of The New International were issued after that date due to these ongoing financial concerns, leaving a void for the emergence of a new revolutionary socialist publication. [2]
At the beginning of 1918 revolutionary socialists won majority control of Local Boston, Socialist Party, [2] with the powerful Boston-based Lettish Socialist Federation functioning as the leading center of the movement. [3] The Boston City Committee made the decision to bring New International editor Louis Fraina from New York City to Boston to take charge of party educational work from that center. [2] By the end of the year a new publication had emerged, issued with Local Boston providing financial support and with educational director Fraina at the helm. This publication was known as The Revolutionary Age. [1]
Establishment
At the time of its November 1918 launch, The Revolutionary Age was scheduled to appear three times a week, although due to financial constraints the papers was never able to come out more than twice each week and it was soon downgraded to more typical weekly status. [4]
Joining Fraina as associate editor was Irish-American radical Eadmonn MacAlpine. [1] Contributing editors included Scott Nearing, John Reed, Ludwig Lore, and Sen Katayama, as well as Nicholas Hourwich and Gregory Weinstein of the Russian Socialist Federation. [3]
The first issue of The Revolutionary Age appeared dated Saturday, November 16, 1918 — less than one week after the formal termination of World War I. The front page of the tabloid newsprint publication was dominated by a banner headline warning against the war's continuation as a military intervention against Soviet Russia. [5] Additional material was dedicated to the ongoing revolution in Germany, thereby assuring that the issue's whole content lived up to the slogan printed on the publication's masthead — "A Chronicle and Interpretation of Events in Europe." [5] Cover price of the paper was 2 cents per issue. [5]
Relationship with the Left Wing Section
In the aftermath of the meeting of the National Left Wing Conference in New York City late in June 1919, The Revolutionary Age was named the official organ of the Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party. [6] The publication was merged with the organ of the Left Wing Section of Greater New York, The New York Communist and operations were henceforth conducted from an office located at 43 West 29th Street in Manhattan. [6] A new volume of the publication, "Volume 2," was launched in conjunction with the move.
The paper continued to be edited by Louis Fraina, assisted by a managing council of 11. [6] The circulation of the combined publication averaged 16,000 copies a week, according to the report of the Lusk Committee established in 1919 by the New York State Senate to study the activities of the radical movement in that state. [6]
Termination and legacy
The last issue of The Revolutionary Age appeared on August 23, 1919. [7] The paper was succeeded by the organs of the two new Communist Parties established at Chicago conventions during the first week of September — the Communist Party of America and the Communist Labor Party of America.
The name The Revolutionary Age was used again in 1929 as the title of an American communist newspaper by the so-called Communist Party (Majority Group) headed by Jay Lovestone. [8] The Lovestone group, which including such veterans of the Left Wing Section Benjamin Gitlow and Bertram D. Wolfe, chose to pay homage to the seminal earlier publication by choosing the same name for their own official organ. [1]
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Louis C. Fraina was a founding member of the Communist Party USA in 1919. After running afoul of the Communist International in 1921 over the alleged misappropriation of funds, Fraina left the organized radical movement, emerging in 1926 as a left wing public intellectual by the name of Lewis Corey. During the McCarthy era, deportation proceedings were initiated against Fraina-Corey. After a protracted legal battle, Corey died of a cerebral hemorrhage before the action against him was formally abandoned.
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The New York Communist was a short-lived weekly newspaper issued by the Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party of Local Greater New York, encompassing the New York City metro area. The paper was edited by the radical journalist and war correspondent John Reed. Only 10 issues of the paper were produced during 1919 before the publication was absorbed by The Revolutionary Age following the Left Wing National Conference of June 1919.
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Isaac Edward "Ed" Ferguson (1888–1964) was a North American lawyer and political activist. A founding member of the Communist Party of America, forerunner of the Communist Party, USA, Ferguson is best remembered a co-defendant and attorney in a highly publicized 1920 trial together with party leader C. E. Ruthenberg for alleged violation of New York state law against so-called "criminal anarchism." Following conviction and a term served at Sing Sing prison, Ferguson withdrew from radical politics to become a prominent Chicago civil rights attorney.
