Sir Mark Ivan Rogers is a British former senior civil servant who was the Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the European Union from 4 November 2013 until his resignation on 3 January 2017.
Sir Timothy Mark Hitchens,is a British diplomat and a former Assistant Private Secretary to the Queen Elizabeth II,in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom,1999–2002.
The minister of state for Europe,North America and Overseas Territories,is a ministerial position within the Government of the United Kingdom,in charge of affairs with Europe. The minister can also be responsible for government policy towards European security;defence and international security;the Falkland Islands;polar regions;migration;protocol;human resources;OSCE and Council of Europe;relations with Parliament;British Overseas Territories of Gibraltar and Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus;and FCO finance,knowledge and technology.
Peter Forbes Ricketts,Baron Ricketts,is a retired British senior diplomat and a life peer. He has sat as a crossbencher in the House of Lords since 2016.
David George Hamilton Frost,Baron Frost is a former British diplomat,civil servant and politician who served as a Minister of State at the Cabinet Office between March and December 2021. Frost was Chief Negotiator of Task Force Europe from January 2020 until his resignation in December 2021.
Nigel Kim Darroch,Baron Darroch of Kew,is a former British diplomat. He served as the British Ambassador to the United States between January 2016 and December 2019,and previously as National Security Adviser and UK Permanent Representative to the European Union.
The Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the European Union was the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative to the European Union,and head of the United Kingdom Representation to the European Union (UKREP),while the United Kingdom was a member state of the European Union. Their official title was Her Britannic Majesty's Permanent Representative to the European Union. Since the UK left the EU on 31 January 2020,the role was replaced with the British Ambassador to the European Union.
Mark Philip Sedwill,Baron Sedwill,is a British diplomat and senior civil servant who served as Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Home Civil Service to Prime Ministers Theresa May and Boris Johnson from 2018 to 2020. He also served as the United Kingdom National Security Adviser from 2017 to 2020. He was previously the United Kingdom's Ambassador to Afghanistan from 2009 to 2010 and the NATO Senior Civilian Representative in Afghanistan in 2010. He was the Permanent Under-Secretary of State at the Home Office from February 2013 to April 2017.
Sir Julian Beresford King is a British diplomat and civil servant who served as the final British European Commissioner from 2016 to 2019 prior to Brexit,having previously served as the British ambassador to Ireland (2009–2011) and France (2016).
Sir Oliver Robbins is a former senior British civil servant who served as the Prime Minister's Europe Adviser and the chief Brexit negotiator from 2017 to 2019. He was a controversial figure among Brexit supporters for his perceived pro-European stance. He previously served as the Permanent Secretary at the Department for Exiting the European Union from July 2016 to September 2017,and as the Prime Minister's Advisor on Europe and Global Issues from June 2016 to July 2016. Since 2019,he has been an investment advisor at Goldman Sachs.
The 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum,commonly referred to as the EU referendum or the Brexit referendum,was a referendum that took place on 23 June 2016 in the United Kingdom (UK) and Gibraltar under the provisions of the European Union Referendum Act 2015 to ask the electorate whether the country should continue to remain a member of,or leave,the European Union (EU). The result was a vote in favour of leaving the EU,triggering calls to begin the process of the country's withdrawal from the EU commonly termed "Brexit".
Lindsay Redvers Mark Seymour Croisdale-Appleby is a British diplomat and Head of the UK Mission to the European Union. Appointed in January 2021,he formally presented his credentials to the President of the European Commission on 29 July 2021. He was Ambassador to Colombia from 2012 to 2015.
A number of politicians,public figures,newspapers and magazines,businesses and other organisations endorsed either the United Kingdom remaining in the EU or the United Kingdom leaving the EU during the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum.
The Department for Exiting the European Union was a department of the Government of the United Kingdom responsible for overseeing negotiations relating to Brexit,and establishing the future relationship between the United Kingdom and the EU. It was formed by the Prime Minister,Theresa May,in July 2016,in the wake of the referendum vote to leave the European Union. The department was dissolved on 31 January 2020 when Brexit took effect.
Katrina Williams is a British civil servant who is the current Deputy Ambassador of the United Kingdom to the European Union,serving under Tim Barrow.
Between 2017 and 2019,representatives of the United Kingdom and the European Union negotiated the terms of Brexit,the UK's planned withdrawal from membership of the EU. These negotiations arose following the decision of the Parliament of the United Kingdom to invoke Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union,which in turn followed the UK's EU membership referendum on 23 June 2016 in which 52% of votes were in favour of leaving.
The effect of Brexit on Gibraltar concerns the status of Gibraltar after the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union ("Brexit"). The UK left the EU on 31 January 2020,having formally notified the EU in March 2017 of its intention to do so. Gibraltar is not part of the UK,but unlike all other British Overseas Territories,it was a part of the European Union along with the UK. It participated in the Brexit referendum and it ceased,by default,to be a part of the EU upon the UK's withdrawal.
Brexit negotiations in 2018 took place between the United Kingdom and the European Union for the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union following the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum on 23 June 2016. The negotiating period began on 29 March 2017 when the United Kingdom served the withdrawal notice under Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union. The period for negotiation stated in Article 50 is two years from notification,unless an extension is agreed. In March 2019,British prime minister Theresa May and European leaders negotiated a two-week delay for the Parliament of the United Kingdom to agree on the government's Brexit treaty,moving the date from 29 March 2019 to 12 April 2019. Negotiations between the United Kingdom and the European Union regarding Brexit began in June 2017,with the following negotiations taking place during 2018.
Brexit was the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union at 23:00 GMT on 31 January 2020. As of 2020,the UK is the only member state to have left the EU. Britain entered the predecessor to the EU,the European Communities (EC),on 1 January 1973. Following this,Eurosceptic groups grew in popularity in the UK,opposing aspects of both the EC and the EU. As Euroscepticism increased during the early 2010s,Prime Minister David Cameron delivered a speech in January 2013 at Bloomberg London,in which he called for reform of the EU and promised an in–out referendum on the UK's membership if the Conservative Party won a majority at the 2015 general election. The Conservatives won 330 seats at the election,giving Cameron a majority of 12,and a bill to hold a referendum was introduced to Parliament that month.
