Timeline of Artsakh history

This is a timeline of Artsakh's history, representing territorial control under three columns:

• Realm
  The highest level of authority.
• State
  The state or administrative unit that the region of Artsakh belonged to.
• Artsakh
  Geopolitical entity in Artsakh proper (Mountainous Karabakh).

Timeline of Artsakh history

Starting Date	Sovereign	State/Region	Artsakh Proper
592 BC [1]	Iran (Medes)		Unknown (Urtekhini? [2] )
549 BC	Iran (Achaemenid dynasty) [3]
321 BC
189 BC [4]
Armenia (Artaxiad dynasty) [5]	Province of Artsakh of the Kingdom of Armenia 189 BC to 387 AD [note 1]
Sophene and Kingdom of Commagene – Tigranes the Great conquered these territories
65 BC [6]		Rome	(Artaxiad dynasty) Tigranes II of Armenia becomes a client king of Rome
53 BC [7]		Persia (Arsacid dynasty) defeats Rome at the Battle of Carrhae	Armenia (Artaxiad dynasty) – Artavasdes II becomes king of Armenia.
36 BC		Rome	Mark Antony begins Parthian campaign [8] Rebellion of King Zober of Albania defeated.
33 BC		Rome	Armenia (Artaxiad dynasty)
36		Iran (Arsacid dynasty)
47
51 [9]		Iberia (Pharnavazid dynasty)
58		Armenia (Arsacid dynasty)
62			Iran (Arsacid dynasty) Parthians under Vologases I invade Armenia, unsuccessfully besiege Romans in Tigranocerta.
63			Rome: Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo invades Armenia and defeats Tiridates I, who accepts Roman sovereignty. Parthia withdraws.
64			Iran (Arsacid dynasty)
114 [10]		Rome	Roman Armenia Emperor Trajan defeats the Parthians and overruns Armenia
118		Armenia (Arsacid dynasty)
252		Iran (Sassanian dynasty)	Armenia (Arsacid dynasty)
287		Rome: Diocletian signs peace treaty with King Bahram II of Persia, installs the pro-Roman Arsacid Tiridates III as king in western Armenia.
363		Persia(Sassanian dynasty: Jovian cedes Corduene and Arzanene to Sassanids.	Corduene and Arzanene
		Albania (Mihranid dynasty)
376	Armenia (Arsacid dynasty)
387	Iran (Sassanian dynasty)
	Albania (Mihranid dynasty)	with Sasanian help seizes from Armenia the entire right bank of the river Kura up to the river Araxes	includes Artsakh and Utik. [11]
	Division of Greater Armenia between Persia and Byzantium
654	Arab Caliphate	Albania (Mihranid dynasty), al-Arminiya
850	Artsakh
884	Armenia (Bagratid dynasty)		Artsakh
1045	Artsakh
1063	Seljuk Empire		Artsakh
1092	Eldiguzids
1124	Georgia (Bagratid dynasty)	Eldiguzids
1201		Armenia (Zakarid dynasty)
1214 [12] [13]			Artsakh (Hasan-Jalalyan dynasty)
1236	Mongol Empire
1256	Ilkhanate
1261			Khachen (Hasan-Jalalyan dynasty)
1360		Karabakh
1337	Chobanids
1357	Jalayirids
1375	Kara Koyunlu
1387	Timurid Empire
1409	Kara Koyunlu
1468	Ak Koyunlu
1501	Iran (Safavid dynasty)	Province of Karabakh	Melikdoms of Karabakh (Khamsa) [note 2]
1583	Ottoman Empire
1603	Iran (Safavid dynasty)
1725
1736	Iran (Afsharid dynasty)
1747 [13]		Karabakh Khanate
1751	Iran (Zand dynasty)
1797	Iran (Qajar dynasty)
1805-05 [13] [note 3]	Russia (Romanov dynasty)
1822 [13]
1846		Shemakha Governorate [note 4]
1868 [13]		Elisabethpol Governorate
1917-11-11	Transcaucasian Commissariat
1918-04-22	Transcaucasia [note 5]
28 May 1918 [13]	First Republic of Armenia: Declaration of independence		Armenian rebels
1918-06-04 [note 6]
1918-07-27	People's Government of Karabakh
1918-09	Ottoman Empire		Azerbaijan (Shusha) Armenian rebels (other areas)
1918-10-30 [note 7]	British Empire		Mountainous Karabakh was placed under the jurisdiction of   Azerbaijan until the final delimitation agreement would be reached at the Paris Peace Conference.
1919-08-22 [note 8]
1919-08-23 [note 9]
1920-03-04 [note 10]	Azerbaijan		Azerbaijan (Shusha) Armenian rebels (other areas)
1920-04-09			Azerbaijan (Shusha, Khankendi, Askeran) Armenian rebels (other areas)
1920-04-13 [note 11]
1920-04-22 [note 12]
1920-04-28 [note 13]
1920-05-12 [13]	Red Army 11th Red Army advances into Armenia on 29 November 1920; transfer of power on 2 December in Yerevan.	Azerbaijan SSR	Azerbaijan SSR (Shusha, Khankendi, Askeran) Armenian rebels (other areas)
1920-05-26			The final status of Mountainous Karabakh was still being debated.
Dec. 1, 1920 [note 14]
1921-07-04 [13] [note 15]
1922-03-12		Azerbaijan SSR,   Transcaucasian SFSR
1922-12-30 [13]	Soviet Union
1923-07-07 [13] [note 16]			Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast
1936-12-05		Azerbaijan SSR
1991	First Nagorno-Karabakh War   Artsakh and   Armenia   Azerbaijan
1991-04-30 [note 17]
1991-09-02 [note 18]
1991-11-26 [13] [note 19]
1994-05-12 [note 20]	De facto   Artsakh, de jure   Azerbaijan
2020-09-27	Second Nagorno-Karabakh War   Artsakh   Armenia   Azerbaijan   Turkey [14] [15] [16]
2020-11-10 [note 21]	Control over Nagorno-Karabakh is divided between   Azerbaijan and   Artsakh with Russian peacekeeping forces. Final status to be determined. [17]
September 2023 – January 2024	Dissolution of the Republic of Artsakh due to the 2023 Azerbaijani Offensive, followed by a refugee crisis in which nearly the entire population fled to Armenia.

See also

• History of Nagorno-Karabakh
• Timeline of Armenian history
• Timeline of modern Armenian history

Notes

1. The exact date of the establishment of the Province of Artsakh is not known, but is believed to be sometime before 189 BC.
2. The Hasan-Jalalyan dynasty branches out sometime in the 16th century.
3. The Russian Empire occupies the lands, but they're formally annexed only in 1813 by the Treaty of Gulistan.
4. Shemakha Governorate was renamed to Baku Governorate in 1859.
5. The Transcaucasian Democratic Federal Republic was a multi-national entity established by Armenian, Azerbaijani and Georgian leaders.
6. Treaty of Batum
7. Armistice of Mudros
8. Seventh Assembly of Mountainous Karabakh
9. British withdrawal.
10. Eighth Assembly of Mountainous Karabakh
11. General Dro (Drastamat Kanayan) takes parts of Mountainous Karabakh on behalf of the Republic of Armenia.
12. Ninth Assembly of Mountainous Karabakh
13. Azerbaijan is invaded by the Red Army.
14.   Azerbaijan SSR's revolutionary committee declares Mountainous Karabakh to be transferred to   Armenian SSR.
15. Kavbiuro decides to leave Mountainous-Karabakh within   Azerbaijan SSR.
16. Declared, and then implemented in November of 1924.
17. Operation Ring
18. The Armenians of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast declare their independence.
19. Azerbaijan abolishes the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast.
20. Bishkek Protocol ceasefire.
21. 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement.

References

1. Chahin, M. (2001). The kingdom of Armenia: a history (2nd, rev. ed.). Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. p. 107. ISBN   0700714529. OCLC   46908690. This shows that Urartu was very much in existence [...] down to 594 BC, [...]. It is possible that the last king of Urartu's reigh ended at about the same time or a little earlier. [...] in 590 BC, the Medes marched westwards [towards western Anatolia and Lydia].
2. Dmitri Sargsyan (arm) Արցախը Ուրարտական դարաշրջանում: Artsakh in the Urartian Era (2010). "ԴՄԻՏՐԻ ՍԱՐԳՍԵԱՆ". Bazmavep. Mekhitar. p. 151. English-language abstract (article in Armenian?)
3. "Persian Empire: Cyrus the Great". History.com. September 30, 2019.
4. Levon., Chorbajian (1994). The Caucasian knot: the history & geopolitics of Nagorno-Karabagh. Donabédian, Patrick., Mutafian, Claude. London: Atlantic Highlands, NJ. p. 53. ISBN   1856492877. OCLC   31970952. Certain authors estimate that when King Artashes (189–160 BC) brought about the unification of the Kingdom of Great Armenia, Caucasian tribes, probably Albanians, living in Artsakh and Utik were brought in by force. This thesis is said to be based on Strabo, but, in reality, when he describes the conquests Artashes carried out at the expense of the Medes and Iberians – and not the Albanians – he says nothing of Artsakh and Utik, since these provinces were certainly already a part of Armenia.
5. J. F. C. Fuller (2018). A Military History of the Western World, Vol. I:: From the Earliest Times to the Battle of Lepanto: Volume 1 of A Military History of the Western World. Valmy Publishing. pp. 613 pages. ISBN   978-1789127485 – via Google Books.isbn 9781789127485
6. Lee E. Patterson; Eastern Illinois University (2015). "Anthony and Armenia". TAPA. 145 (77). Society for Classical Studies, Johns Hopkins University Press: 105. JSTOR   43830371.
7. Chahin, M. (2001). The kingdom of Armenia: a history (2nd, rev. ed.). Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. p. 212. ISBN   0700714529. OCLC   46908690. The Armenian king, Parthia's ally since the year 53 BC, appeared to submit.
8. Bivar, A.D.H. (1983). "The Political History of Iran Under the Arsacids". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3(1): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 21–99. ISBN   0-521-20092-X.
9. Suny (1994), p. 14.
10. Theodore Mommsen. The Provinces of the Roman Empire. Chapter IX, p. 68
11. Chaumont, M. L. (1985). "Albania". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 8. pp. 806–810
12. Hewsen, Robert H. "The Meliks of Eastern Armenia: A Preliminary Study." Revue des Études Arméniennes . NS: IX, 1972, pp. 255–329.
13. Thomas., De Waal (2013). Black garden : Armenia and Azerbaijan through peace and war (10th-year anniversary, rev. and updated ed.). New York: New York University Press. pp. 329–335. ISBN   9780814770825. OCLC   843880838.
14. "F-16s Reveal Turkey's Drive to Expand Its Role in the Southern Caucasus". Stratfor. 8 October 2020. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2020. The presence of the Turkish fighter aircraft ... demonstrate[s] direct military involvement by Turkey that goes far beyond already-established support, such as its provision of Syrian fighters and military equipment to Azerbaijani forces.
15. "Is peace possible between Armenia and Azerbaijan? – RealnoeVremya.com". realnoevremya.com. Retrieved 2021-01-19. ... we, the Turks, are present in Syria, Libya, we scare America, bargain with Russia, and now we are in Karabakh ...
16. "2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Azerbaijan". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 2021-04-07. Retrieved 2021-04-10. After Azerbaijan, with Turkish support, reestablished control over four surrounding territories controlled by separatists since 1994, …
17. "Moscow Says Karabakh Status 'Intentionally' Left Out at Talks, Wants to 'Close POW Issue'". Asbarez.com. 2021-01-18. Retrieved 2021-01-19.