Timeline of Jaffa

Last updated September 27, 2023

The following is a timeline of the history of Jaffa.

Prior to 20th century

14th century BCE – Egyptians in power.^[1]
12th to 9th century BCE – Jaffa becomes an important port city under the Philistines, and the northernmost city of the Philistine state.^[2]
8th century BCE – The Assyrian Empire manages to conquer Jaffa from the Philistines.
330 BCE – Coins minted in Jaffa, then under Alexander the Great's Hellenistic Empire.^[1]
301 BCE – Jaffa becomes part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom.
200 BCE – Jaffa becomes part of the Seleucid Empire.
68 CE – Jaffa becomes part of the Roman Empire under Vespasian.^[3]
636 CE – Jaffa is taken from the Romans (Byzantins) by Arab forces under Caliph Omar.^[4]
1099 AD – Jaffa is temporarily taken from the Muslims by the Christian Crusaders.^[4]
1126 AD – Knights of St. John in power in Jaffa.^[3]
1187 – Saladin retakes Jaffa.^[3]
1191 – Jaffa taken by forces of Crusader King Richard I of England.^[3]
1196 – Saladin's brother Al-Adil I retakes Jaffa.^[3]
1252 – Jaffa once again taken from the Mamluks by forces of Christian King Louis IX of France.^[4]
1268 – The Mamluks reconquer Jaffa and again expel the Crusaders.^[1]
1538 – Bab el-Halil (gate) built.
1517 – Ottomans in power.^[5]
1654 – Roman Catholic St. Peter's Church built under Ottoman rule.
1799
- 3–7 March: Jaffa besieged by French forces under Napoleon.^[3]
- June: French ousted by British forces.^[4]
1807 – Muhammad Abu-Nabbut becomes governor.^[5]
1831 – Ibrahim Pasha in power.^[5]
1837 – The Galilee earthquake produces high intensity shaking along the Dead Sea Transform on January 1 causing 6,000–7,000 casualties.
1838 – Sephardic Talmud Torah school founded in Jaffa.^[6]
1839 – Ashkenazi Jews coming from Europe settle in Jaffa.^[1]
1865 – Jaffa lighthouse built.
1866 – Population: 5,000.^[5] Foundation of the Jaffa American Colony.^[1]
1868 – German Colony established.^[7]
1871 – Municipal council established.^[5]
1879 – Jaffa city walls demolished to accommodate growth of city.^[1]
1884 – Ashkenazic Talmud Torah school established.^[6]
1887 – Population: 14,000.^[5]
1891 – Ramla-Jaffa railway begins operating; Jaffa Railway Station opens; Hospital Sha'ar Ziyyon founded.^[6]
1892 – Jaffa–Jerusalem railway completed.^[8]
1897 – Population: 33,465.^[5]

20th century

1902 – Cholera epidemic; Trumpeldor Cemetery established.
1908 – March: Zionist-Palestinian unrest.^[9]
1909 – Tel Aviv founded near Jaffa.^[10]
1911 – Filastin newspaper begins publication.
1913 – Population: 50,000.^[5]
1916 – Hassan Bek Mosque built.
1917 – April: Jaffa deportation: amidst World War I, all inhabitants of Jaffa (including Tel Aviv), Jews and Muslims alike, are expelled from the city on Ottoman orders.
1917 – December: Battle of Jaffa (1917).
1918 – Muslim-Christian Association established.^[9]
1921 – May: Jaffa riots.^[8]^[9]
1932 – National Congress of Arab Youth held.^[9]
1936 – April: Arab-Jewish unrest.^[11]
1945 – Al-Najjada paramilitary youth group established.^[9]
1947 – In the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, Jaffa is proposed to be within the new Arab state, as opposed to Tel Aviv, which would be part of the Jewish State.
1948 – Israeli declaration of Independence; on 14 May, Zionist Irgun forces take Jaffa, which becomes part of the new State of Israel.^[12]
1950 – Jaffa attached to Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv-Jaffa municipality formed on 24 April.^[10] Jaffa Administration (municipal department) established.^[13]
1960 – Company for the Development of Ancient Jaffa established.^[13]

Related Research Articles

The history of Israel covers an area of the Southern Levant also known as Canaan, Palestine or the Holy Land, which is the geographical location of the modern states of Israel and Palestine. From a prehistory as part of the critical Levantine corridor, which witnessed waves of early humans out of Africa, to the emergence of Natufian culture c. 10th millennium BCE, the region entered the Bronze Age c. 2,000 BCE with the development of Canaanite civilization, before being vassalized by Egypt in the Late Bronze Age. In the Iron Age, the kingdoms of Israel and Judah were established, entities that were central to the origins of the Jewish and Samaritan peoples as well as the Abrahamic faith tradition. This has given rise to Judaism, Samaritanism, Christianity, Islam, Druzism, Baha'ism, and a variety of other religious movements. Throughout the course of human history, the Land of Israel has come under the sway or control of various polities, and as a result, it has historically hosted a wide variety of ethnic groups.

Philistia was a confederation of five main cities or pentapolis in the Southwest Levant, made up of principally Gaza, Ascalon, Ashdod, Ekron, and Gath, and for a time, Jaffa.

Lod, also known as Lydda, is a city 15 km southeast of Tel Aviv and 40 km (25 mi) northwest of Jerusalem in the Central District of Israel. It is situated between the lower Shephelah on the east and the coastal plain on the west. The city had a population of 82,629 in 2019.

Isdud was a Palestinian village tracing back at least to the Ottoman period of Palestine (region). In 1945, it had a population of 4,620 Arabs and 290 Jews, before it was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, when its population all either fled or were expelled.

The Jezreel Valley, or Marj Ibn Amir, also known as the Valley of Megiddo, is a large fertile plain and inland valley in the Northern District of Israel. It is bordered to the north by the highlands of the Lower Galilee region, to the south by the Samarian highlands, to the west and northwest by the Mount Carmel range, and to the east by the Jordan Valley, with Mount Gilboa marking its southern extent. The largest settlement in the valley is the city of Afula, which lies near its center.

Palestine is a geographic region in West Asia. It is usually considered to include Israel and the State of Palestine, though some definitions also include part of northwestern Jordan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jaffa orange</span> Variety of orange fruit

The Jaffa orange, also known as Shamouti orange, is an orange variety with few seeds and a tough skin that makes it particularly suitable for export.

Al-Shaykh Muwannis, also Sheikh Munis, was a small Palestinian Arab village in the Jaffa Subdistrict of Mandatory Palestine, located approximately 8.5 kilometers from the center of Jaffa city in territory earmarked for Jewish statehood under the UN Partition Plan. The village was abandoned in March 1948 due to the threats of Jewish militias, two months before the 1948 Arab–Israeli war. Today, Tel Aviv University lies on part of the village land.

Salamah was a Palestinian Arab village, located five kilometers east of Jaffa, that was depopulated in the lead-up to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The town was named for Salama Abu Hashim, a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. His tomb, two village schools, and ten houses from among the over 800 houses that had made up the village, are all that remain of the structures of the former village today. The historic road from Jaffa to the village is now a street on the border of Tel Aviv and Jaffa, still commonly called "Salameh road".

Jarisha was a Palestinian Arab village located 200 meters (660 ft) from the ancient site of Tell Jarisha, on the south bank of Al-Awja. After the establishment of Tel Aviv, it was one of five Arab villages to fall within its municipal boundaries. Jarisha was ethnically cleansed in the lead up to the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.

The history of Palestine is the study of the past in the region of Palestine, also known as the Land of Israel and the Holy Land, defined as the territory between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. Strategically situated between three continents, Palestine has a tumultuous history as a crossroads for religion, culture, commerce, and politics. Palestine is the birthplace of Judaism and Christianity, and has been controlled by many kingdoms and powers, including Ancient Egypt, Ancient Israel and Judah, the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great and his successors, the Hasmoneans, the Roman Empire, several Muslim Caliphates, and the Crusaders. In modern times, the area was ruled by the Ottoman Empire, then the United Kingdom and since 1948 it has been divided into Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip.

Following are timelines of the history of Ottoman Syria, taken as the parts of Ottoman Syria provinces under Ottoman rule.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abu Kabir</span> Depopulated Palestinian village near Jaffa, Israel

Abu Kabir was a satellite village of Jaffa founded by Egyptians following Ibrahim Pasha's 1832 defeat of Turkish forces in Ottoman era Palestine. During the 1948 Palestine war, it was mostly abandoned and later destroyed. After Israel's establishment in 1948, the area became part of south Tel Aviv. Officially part of Giv'at Herzl, the adjacent Jewish neighborhood, the name Abu Kabir continued to be used. Part or all of Abu Kabir was officially renamed Tabitha by the Tel Aviv municipality in 2011.

Jaffa, in Hebrew Yafo and in Arabic Yafa and also called Japho or Joppa, is an ancient Levantine port city founded by the Canaanites that is now part of southern Tel Aviv, Israel. Sitting atop a naturally elevated outcrop on the Mediterranean coastline, it was a strategic location that exchanged hands repeatedly in ancient Near East history, and was also contested during the Crusades, when it presided over the County of Jaffa and Ascalon.

The timeline of the Palestine region is a timeline of major events in the history of Palestine. For more details on the history of Palestine see History of Palestine. In cases where the year or month is uncertain, it is marked with a slash, for example 636/7 and January/February.

Ajami is a predominantly Arab neighborhood in Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel, situated south of Old Jaffa and north of the Jabaliyya neighborhood on the Mediterranean Sea.

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Haifa, Israel.

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hebron, West Bank, Palestinian territories.

The Latrun salient is an area of the West Bank that protrudes into Israeli territory. It is surrounded by a strip of territory covering 46.4 square kilometres (17.9 sq mi), that has the formal status of a no man's land (NML) between Israel and Palestine. Israel considers the NML a part of its state, while Palestinians regard it as part of the West Bank.

In Israel, the mixed cities or mixed towns are the eight cities with a significant number of both Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs. The eight mixed Jewish-Arab cities, defined by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics as those with more than 10% of the population registered as "Arabs" and more than 10% of the population registered as "Jews", include the following seven Israeli cities: Haifa, Lod, Ramle, Jaffa, Acre, Nof HaGalil, and Ma'alot Tarshiha. Approximately 10% of the Arab citizens of Israel live in these seven cities. The eighth city is Jerusalem, in which the Arab part of the city, East Jerusalem, has been annexed by Israel but is not recognized as such under international law.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 "Timeline of Jaffa". www.antiquities.org.il. Retrieved 2021-08-15.
↑ Anson F. Rainey (February 2001). "Herodotus' Description of the East Mediterranean Coast". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The American Schools of Oriental Research (321): 58–59. doi:10.2307/1357657. JSTOR 1357657. S2CID 163534665 . Retrieved 20 May 2021.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Britannica 1910.
1 2 3 4 Haydn 1910.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LeVine 2005.
1 2 3 Franco 1907.
↑ Baedeker 1898.
1 2 Ilan Pappé (2006). "Chronology". A History of Modern Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-68315-9.
1 2 3 4 5 Philip Mattar (2005). "Chronology". Encyclopedia of the Palestinians. Facts on File. p. 572+. ISBN 978-0-8160-6986-6.
1 2 Bernard Reich; David H. Goldberg (2008). Historical Dictionary of Israel. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6403-0.
↑ Palestinian Territories Profile: Timeline, BBC News, 8 December 2014, retrieved 30 January 2015
↑ Adam LeBor (21 January 2006). "Jaffa: Divided it Fell" . The Independent . UK. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07.
1 2 Alfasi 2009.

This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Published in 19th century

Abraham Rees, "Joppa", The Cyclopaedia, Philadelphia: S.F. Bradford, hdl:2027/njp.32101078163530 . Published circa 1820s
Josiah Conder (1830), "(Jaffa)", Palestine, The Modern Traveller, London: J.Duncan
"Jaffa", Cook's Tourists' Handbook for Palestine and Syria, London: T. Cook & Son, 1876
Èmile Isambert (1881). "Jaffa". Itinéraire descriptif, historique et archéologique de l'Orient. Guides Joanne (in French). Vol. 3: Syrie, Palestine. hdl:2027/nyp.33433002689614.
"Jaffa", Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine (3rd ed.), Leipsig: K. Baedeker, 1898 (+ 1876 ed. and 1912 ed.)

Published in 20th century

M. Franco (1907), "Jaffa", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 7, New York{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Macalister, Robert Alexander Stewart (1910). "Joppa" . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 15 (11th ed.). p. 508.
Benjamin Vincent (1910). "Jaffa". Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.). London: Ward, Lock & Co.
"Yafa". Encyclopaedia of Islam. E.J. Brill. 1927. p. 1143+. ISBN 9789004097940.
Ruth Kark (1981). "The Traditional Middle Eastern City: The Cases of Jerusalem and Jaffa During the Nineteenth Century". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 97 (1): 93–108. JSTOR 27931156.
Yousef Heikal and Imad El-Haj (1984). "Jaffa...as It Was". Journal of Palestine Studies. 13 (4): 3–21. doi:10.1525/jps.1984.13.4.00p0062u. JSTOR 2536987.
Charles Issawi (1988), "The trade of Jaffa 1825–1914", in Hisham Nashabe (ed.), Studia Palaestina
Ruth Kark (1990). Jaffa: a city in evolution, 1799–1917. Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi Press. ISBN 978-965-217-065-1.

Published in 21st century

"Jaffa — Bride of the Sea" or "Yaffo — Kalat Hayam" 2000, By Israeli artist Natali Lipin (views of the city Old Jaffa). Language — Hebrew/English.
Iris Agmon (2004). "Recording Procedures and Legal Culture in the Late Ottoman Shariʿa Court of Jaffa, 1865–1890". Islamic Law and Society. 11 (3): 333–377. doi:10.1163/1568519042544376. JSTOR 3399187.
Mark LeVine (2005). Overthrowing Geography: Jaffa, Tel Aviv, and the Struggle for Palestine, 1880–1948. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-93850-2.
Philip Mattar (2005). "Jaffa". Encyclopedia of the Palestinians. Facts on File. p. 256. ISBN 978-0-8160-6986-6.
Adam LeBor (2006). City of Oranges: An Intimate History of Arabs and Jews in Jaffa. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-32984-1.
Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Jaffa", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, p. 199+, ISBN 9781576079201
Nurit Alfasi; Roy Fabian (2009). "Preserving Urban Heritage: From Old Jaffa to Modern Tel-Aviv". Israel Studies. 14 (3): 137–156. doi:10.2979/ISR.2009.14.3.137. JSTOR 30245876. S2CID 145726369.
Aaron A. Burke; et al. (2010). "Egyptians in Jaffa: A Portrait of Egyptian Presence in Jaffa during the Late Bronze Age". Near Eastern Archaeology. 73 (1): 2–30. doi:10.1086/NEA20697244. JSTOR 20697244. S2CID 147699678.
David Abulafia (2011). "A Tale of Four and a Half Cities, 1900–1950". The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean. Oxford University Press. p. 592+. ISBN 978-0-19-975263-8. (about Alexandria, Jaffa, Salonika, Smyrna)
Martin Peilstöcker and Aaron A. Burke, ed. (2011). History and Archaeology of Jaffa 1. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press. ISBN 978-1-931745-81-9.
Yasemin Avci (2011). "Jerusalem and Jaffa in the Late Ottoman Period". In Yuval Ben-Bassat and Eyal Ginio (ed.). Late Ottoman Palestine: The Period of Young Turk Rule. I.B.Tauris. p. 81+. ISBN 978-0-85771-994-2.

External links

Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Jaffa, various dates
Europeana. Items related to Jaffa, various dates.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[:0-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Timeline of Jaffa". www.antiquities.org.il. Retrieved 2021-08-15.

[2] Anson F. Rainey (February 2001). "Herodotus' Description of the East Mediterranean Coast". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The American Schools of Oriental Research (321): 58–59. doi:10.2307/1357657. JSTOR 1357657. S2CID 163534665 . Retrieved 20 May 2021.

[FOOTNOTEBritannica1910-3] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Britannica 1910.

[FOOTNOTEHaydn1910-4] 1 2 3 4 Haydn 1910.

[FOOTNOTELeVine2005-5] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LeVine 2005.

[FOOTNOTEFranco1907-6] 1 2 3 Franco 1907.

[FOOTNOTEBaedeker1898-7] Baedeker 1898.

[Pappe2006-8] 1 2 Ilan Pappé (2006). "Chronology". A History of Modern Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-68315-9.

[mattar2005chronology-9] 1 2 3 4 5 Philip Mattar (2005). "Chronology". Encyclopedia of the Palestinians. Facts on File. p. 572+. ISBN 978-0-8160-6986-6.

[Reich2008-10] 1 2 Bernard Reich; David H. Goldberg (2008). Historical Dictionary of Israel. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6403-0.

[bbc-timeline-11] Palestinian Territories Profile: Timeline, BBC News, 8 December 2014, retrieved 30 January 2015

[12] Adam LeBor (21 January 2006). "Jaffa: Divided it Fell" . The Independent . UK. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07.

[FOOTNOTEAlfasi2009-13] 1 2 Alfasi 2009.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]