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In 1998, a number of labour strikes, labour disputes, and other industrial actions occurred.
| Part of a series on |
| Organised labour |
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In 1998, a number of labour strikes, labour disputes, and other industrial actions occurred.
A labour strike is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. This can include wildcat strikes, which are done without union authorisation, and slowdown strikes, where workers reduce their productivity while still carrying out minimal working duties. It is usually a response to employee grievances, such as low pay or poor working conditions. Strikes can also occur to demonstrate solidarity with workers in other workplaces or pressure governments to change policies.
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According to Austrian Trade Union Federation statistics, there were no strikes in Austria in 1998, the third year in the 1990s without strikes. [70] In the UK, the Office for National Statistics recorded 166 strikes in the UK in 1998, the lowest number since ONS records began in 1891. [71]
In Norway, Statistics Norway recorded 36 strikes in 1998, with the third highest number of working days lost of all years in the 1990s. [72]
The United Auto Workers (UAW), fully named International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America, is an American labor union that represents workers in the United States and southern Ontario, Canada. It was founded as part of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in the 1930s and grew rapidly from 1936 to the 1950s. The union played a major role in the liberal wing of the Democratic Party under the leadership of Walter Reuther. It was known for gaining high wages and pensions for automotive manufacturing workers, but it was unable to unionize auto plants built by foreign-based car makers in the South after the 1970s, and it went into a steady decline in membership; reasons for this included increased automation, decreased use of labor, mismanagement, movements of manufacturing, and increased globalization. After a successful strike at the Big Three in 2023, the union organized its first foreign plant (VW) in 2024.
A lockout is a work stoppage or denial of employment initiated by the management of a company during a labor dispute. In contrast to a strike, in which employees refuse to work, a lockout is initiated by employers or industry owners.
Overtime bans are a type of strike in which workers refuse to engage in overtime work, being any work that falls outside of contracted hours. They do this to leverage their employer into negotiating various working conditions. Often organised in unions, workers may choose this form of industrial action to bargain for a higher rate of pay, better working conditions or to discourage an employer from making redundancies. Unlike a full strike in which employees are usually in breach of their contract, workers engaging in overtime bans are typically well protected. Employers cannot legally withhold normal wages during an overtime ban if employees are not breaching the terms of their employment contracts by refusing to do overtime work. However, the legalities of overtime bans do vary between countries. Overtime bans are effective where "industries and organisations run on such habitually high levels of overtime or goodwill that overtime bans ... can have a significant and immediate impact upon the availability of a good or service". Historically, unions have at times received criticism on ethical grounds for choosing to enact overtime bans. The literature records the occurrence of such bans from the 1800s and there is documentation of their use in four continents.
A number of labour strikes, labour disputes, and other industrial actions have occurred in 2022.
The 1998 Danish general strike was a general strike in Denmark in the spring of 1998 involving around 500 000 workers, around 10% of the Danish population.
A number of labour strikes, labour disputes, and other industrial actions occurred in 2017.
In 1984, a number of labour strikes, labour disputes, and other industrial actions occurred.
In 2005, a number of labour strikes, labour disputes, and other industrial actions occurred.
In 2000, a number of labour strikes, labour disputes, and other industrial actions occurred.
In 1999, a number of labour strikes, labour disputes, and other industrial actions occurred.
In 1995, a number of labour strikes, labour disputes, and other industrial actions occurred.
In 1997, a number of labour strikes, labour disputes, and other industrial actions occurred.
A number of labour strikes, labour disputes, and other industrial actions occurred in 1994.