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| Tipuana | |
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| Tipuana tipu, Revivim, Israel | |
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| Flowers | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Tribe: | Dalbergieae |
| Genus: | Tipuana Benth. |
| Species: | T. tipu |
| Binomial name | |
| Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntze | |
| Synonyms | |
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Tipuana tipu, also known as tipa, [2] rosewood and pride of Bolivia, is a South American tree.
It is the only member of the genus Tipuana. [3] [4] It was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade within the Dalbergieae. [5] [6]
Growing up to 30 metres (98 ft) in height and 20 metres (66 ft) wide, Tipuana tipu is well known for its use as a shade tree. The leaves of the tree are pinnately compound, 10 inches (25 cm) long; the pinnules typically are 1 to 3 inches (2 to 7 cm) long, and are variably paripinnate or imparipinnate on the same tree. The flowers are bright yellow in color and bloom only briefly in the late summer. The fruit is a hard, pod with the seed at one end, resembling a samara (the fruit of the Ash genus, Fraxinus).[ citation needed ]
Depending on where it is grown, Tipuana is largely a deciduous tree, annually shedding all or most of its leaves and large "helicopter" pods from midwinter to spring.[ citation needed ] It produces masses of seeds, most of which succeed in germinating, and it can withstand a very wide range of growing conditions, from −4 °C (25 °F) to salty soils to drought. [7] Timber is whitish in color, strong and fibrous.[ citation needed ]
Tipuana tipu is viewed as an invasive weed in some countries and is known for having a very aggressive root system. [8] The tree roots can easily lift up concrete and asphalt. Precautions should be taken when planting near buildings, homes, or pools, as they are likely to be damaged. Damage may sometimes be averted by trenching near the structure to a depth of about 1 metre and filling the trench with building rubble or lining the trench with thick plastic sheeting or corrugated roofing sheets.
It is listed as a Category 3 Invasive species in South Africa. [9] Category 3 species are regarded as having the proven potential of becoming invasive, and are not allowed to occur anywhere except in biological control reserves, unless they were already in existence when the regulations went into effect. The conditions on which these already existing plants may be retained are that they do not grow within 30 m from the 1:50 year flood line of watercourses or wetlands, that all reasonable steps are taken to keep the plant from spreading, and that the Executive Officer has the power to impose additional conditions or even prohibit the growing in any area where he has reason to believe that these plants will pose a threat to agricultural resources. Propagative material of these plants, such as seeds or cuttings, may no longer be planted, propagated, imported, bought, sold or traded in any way. It will, however, be legal to trade in the wood of Category 3 plants, or in other products that do not have the potential to grow or multiply. [10]
The species is a food plant for spittlebugs such as Ptyelus grossus . In Southern California, an insect called tipu psyllid ( Platycorypha nigrivirga ) has invaded several trees. [11] In South Africa (Knysna) Tipuana is attacked by polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea fornicatus).
Pterocarpus is a pantropical genus of trees in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade within the Dalbergieae. Most species of Pterocarpus yield valuable timber traded as padauk, usually pronounced or ; other common names are mukwa or narra. The west African species may be traded as African rosewood. P. santalinus also yields the most precious red sandalwood in China known as Zitan. The wood from the narra tree and the Burmese padauk tree is marketed as amboyna when it has grown in the burl form. The scientific name is Latinized Ancient Greek and means "wing fruit", referring to the unusual shape of the seed pods in this genus.
Styphnolobium is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It includes nine species of small trees and shrubs native to China and to the Americas, from the southern United States to Colombia. It belongs to subfamily Faboideae, and was formerly included within a broader interpretation of the genus Sophora. It was recently assigned to the unranked, monophyletic Cladrastis clade. They differ from the genus Calia (mescalbeans) in having deciduous leaves and flowers in axillary, not terminal, racemes. The leaves are pinnate, with 9–21 leaflets, and the flowers in pendulous racemes similar to those of the black locust. Necklacepod is a common name for plants in this genus.
Centrolobium is a Neotropical genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade of the Dalbergieae. The genus comprises mostly large trees to 30 m tall, characterised by an abundance of orange peltate glands that cover most parts of the plant, and fruits that are large winged samaras to 30 cm long with a spiny basal seed chamber.
Chapmannia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It contains seven species with a scattered distribution – Mexico, Guatemala, Florida, and Venezuela in the Americas, and Somalia and Socotra in eastern Africa. The genus was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade of the Dalbergieae.
Kotschya is a genus of legumes in the family Fabaceae. It includes 30 species native to sub-Saharan Africa. The genus was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Dalbergia clade of the Dalbergieae. It contains the following species:
Ormocarpum is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes 17 species native to tropical and southern Africa and parts of India, Indochina, Malesia, Papuasia, and the South Pacific. The genus was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Dalbergia clade of the Dalbergieae.
Paramachaerium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae native to Amazonia. It was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade within the Dalbergieae.
Brya is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes seven species of shrubs or small spreading trees native to Cuba and Hispaniola in the Caribbean. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade of the Dalbergieae. Species include Brya ebenus, a valuable timber tree.
Cranocarpus is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes three species native to northern and eastern Brazil. It belongs to subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade of the Dalbergieae.
Pterocarpus dubius is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae native to Venezuela, Guyana, and northern Brazil in northern South America.
Fiebrigiella gracilis is a species of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is the only member of the genus Fiebrigiella. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade of the Dalbergieae. It is a subshrub native to Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
Fissicalyx fendleri is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is a tree native to the tropical Americas, ranging from Panama through Colombia, Venezuela, and Guyana to northern Brazil. It grows in humid lowland forest.
Geissaspis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It contains one accepted species, Geissaspis cristata. It is a scrambling annual or perennial which ranges from the Indian Subcontinent through Indochina to southern China and Peninsular Malaysia. It has three varieties:
Grazielodendron riodocensis is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade within the Dalbergieae. It is the only member of the genus Grazielodendron. It is only found in eastern Brazil.
Humularia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes 34 species native to sub-Saharan Africa, ranging from South Sudan to Cameroon, Angola, Malawi, and Tanzania. Species include herbs with woody bases and occasionally small shrubs. Typical habitats include seasonally-dry tropical woodland, wooded grassland, scrub, and grassland, often along stream banks, swamp margins, floodplains, and sandy areas, and sometimes in montane areas. The genus belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Dalbergia clade of the Dalbergieae.
Inocarpus is a small genus of flowering plants belonging to the subfamily Faboideae of the legume family, Fabaceae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade within the Dalbergieae.
Pictetia is a genus of about eight species of trees and shrubs in the family Fabaceae with spiny stems and spine-tipped leaflets. The genus is endemic to the Greater Antilles, but its closest relatives are in Mesoamerica and Africa.
Ramorinoa girolae is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is the sole species in genus Ramorinoa. It is a xerophytic tree or shrub native to La Rioja, San Juan, and San Luis Provinces of western Argentina. Unlike most legumes, Ramorinoa girolae does not produce any leaves. It grows in subtropical lowland and lower montane dry forest or shrubland in rocky and sandy areas. It is locally known as chica, and stands of R. girolae are known as chicales. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade within the Dalbergieae. It is the only member of the genus Ramorinoa.
Riedeliella is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes three species of scandent shrubs native to Paraguay and eastern and west-central Brazil. They grow in seasonally-dry tropical forest, cerrado, and caatinga. The genus belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade within the Dalbergieae.
Soemmeringia semperflorens is a species of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is the only member of the genus Soemmeringia.
| Authority control databases: National |
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