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| Tipuana | |
|---|---|
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| Tipuana tipu, Revivim, Israel | |
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| Flowers | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Tribe: | Dalbergieae |
| Genus: | Tipuana Benth. |
| Species: | T. tipu |
| Binomial name | |
| Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntze | |
| Synonyms | |
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Tipuana tipu, also known as tipa, [2] rosewood and pride of Bolivia, is a South American tree.
It is the only member of the genus Tipuana. [3] [4] It was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade within the Dalbergieae. [5] [6]
Growing up to 30 metres (98 ft) in height and 20 metres (66 ft) wide, Tipuana tipu is well known for its use as a shade tree. The leaves of the tree are pinnately compound, 10 inches (25 cm) long; the pinnules typically are 1 to 3 inches (2 to 7 cm) long, and are variably paripinnate or imparipinnate on the same tree. The flowers are bright yellow in color and bloom only briefly in the late summer. The fruit is a hard, pod with the seed at one end, resembling a samara (the fruit of the Ash genus, Fraxinus).[ citation needed ]
Depending on where it is grown, Tipuana is largely a deciduous tree, annually shedding all or most of its leaves and large "helicopter" pods from midwinter to spring.[ citation needed ] It produces masses of seeds, most of which succeed in germinating, and it can withstand a very wide range of growing conditions, from −4 °C (25 °F) to salty soils to drought. [7] Timber is whitish in color, strong and fibrous.[ citation needed ]
Tipuana tipu is viewed as an invasive weed in some countries and is known for having a very aggressive root system. [8] The tree roots can easily lift up concrete and asphalt. Precautions should be taken when planting near buildings, homes, or pools, as they are likely to be damaged. Damage may sometimes be averted by trenching near the structure to a depth of about 1 metre and filling the trench with building rubble or lining the trench with thick plastic sheeting or corrugated roofing sheets.
It is listed as a Category 3 Invasive species in South Africa. [9] Category 3 species are regarded as having the proven potential of becoming invasive, and are not allowed to occur anywhere except in biological control reserves, unless they were already in existence when the regulations went into effect. The conditions on which these already existing plants may be retained are that they do not grow within 30 m from the 1:50 year flood line of watercourses or wetlands, that all reasonable steps are taken to keep the plant from spreading, and that the Executive Officer has the power to impose additional conditions or even prohibit the growing in any area where he has reason to believe that these plants will pose a threat to agricultural resources. Propagative material of these plants, such as seeds or cuttings, may no longer be planted, propagated, imported, bought, sold or traded in any way. It will, however, be legal to trade in the wood of Category 3 plants, or in other products that do not have the potential to grow or multiply. [10]
The species is a food plant for spittlebugs such as Ptyelus grossus . In Southern California, an insect called tipu psyllid ( Platycorypha nigrivirga ) has invaded several trees. [11] In South Africa (Knysna) Tipuana is attacked by polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea fornicatus).
Weberbauerella brongniartioides is a South American species of legume. It is the only member of the genus Weberbauerella. It was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Dalbergia clade of the Dalbergieae.
Geoffroea is a rather small genus of wild spiny shrubs or small trees of tropical and subtropical South America. Although it gathers few species, they are highly extended geographically throughout the subcontinent. Each species is well known in its local area, as seen from the varied usage of these trees as food, timber, or fuel. It was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade within the Dalbergieae.
Centrolobium is a Neotropical genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade of the Dalbergieae. The genus comprises mostly large trees to 30 m tall, characterised by an abundance of orange peltate glands that cover most parts of the plant, and fruits that are large winged samaras to 30 cm long with a spiny basal seed chamber.
Chapmannia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade of the Dalbergieae.
Paramachaerium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae native to Amazonia. It was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade within the Dalbergieae.
Brya is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade of the Dalbergieae. Species include Brya ebenus, a valuable timber tree.
Bryaspis is a small genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Dalbergia clade of the Dalbergieae.
Cascaronia astragalina is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade of the Dalbergieae. It is the only member of the genus Cascaronia.
Cranocarpus is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade of the Dalbergieae.
Diphysa is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Dalbergia clade of the Dalbergieae.
Discolobium is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade of the Dalbergieae.
Etaballia dubia is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae native to northern South America. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade of the Dalbergieae. It is the only member of the genus Etaballia.
Fiebrigiella gracilis is a species of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade of the Dalbergieae. It is the only member of the genus Fiebrigiella.
Fissicalyx fendleri is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade of the Dalbergieae. It is the only member of the genus Fissicalyx.
Geissaspis is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Dalbergia clade of the Dalbergieae.
Grazielodendron riodocensis is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade within the Dalbergieae. It is the only member of the genus Grazielodendron. It is only found in Brazil.
Inocarpus is a small genus of flowering plants belonging to the subfamily Faboideae of the legume family, Fabaceae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade within the Dalbergieae.
Ramorinoa girolae is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade within the Dalbergieae. It is the only member of the genus Ramorinoa. Unlike most legumes, Ramorinoa girolae does not produce any leaves.
Riedeliella is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade within the Dalbergieae.
Soemmeringia semperflorens is a species of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Dalbergia clade of the Dalbergieae. It is the only member of the genus Soemmeringia.
