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The Book of Tobit, also known as the Book of Tobias or the Book of Tobi, is a 3rd or early 2nd century BC Jewish work describing how God tests the faithful, responds to prayers, and protects the covenant community. It tells the story of two Israelite families, that of the blind Tobit in Nineveh and of the abandoned Sarah in Ecbatana. Tobit's son Tobias is sent to retrieve ten silver talents that Tobit once left in Rages, a town in Media; guided and aided by the angel Raphael he arrives in Ecbatana, where he meets Sarah. A demon named Asmodeus has fallen in love with her and kills anyone she intends to marry, but with the aid of Raphael the demon is exorcised and Tobias and Sarah marry, after which they return to Nineveh where Tobit is cured of his blindness.
Epiphanius of Salamis was the bishop of Salamis, Cyprus, at the end of the 4th century. He is considered a saint and a Church Father by both the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic Churches. He gained a reputation as a strong defender of orthodoxy. He is best known for composing the Panarion, a very large compendium of the heresies up to his own time, full of quotations that are often the only surviving fragments of suppressed texts. According to Ernst Kitzinger, he "seems to have been the first cleric to have taken up the matter of Christian religious images as a major issue", and there has been much controversy over how many of the quotations attributed to him by the Byzantine Iconoclasts were actually by him. Regardless of this he was clearly strongly against some contemporary uses of images in the church.
The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem, also known as the Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem, and sometimes known as the Church of Zion, is an autocephalous church within the wider communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Established in the mid-fifth century as one of the oldest patriarchates in Christendom, it is headquartered in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem and led by the Patriarch of Jerusalem, currently Theophilos III. The Patriarchate's ecclesiastical jurisdiction includes roughly 200,000 to 500,000 Orthodox Christians across the Holy Land in Palestine, Jordan and Israel.
Simeon of Jerusalem was a Jewish Christian leader and according to most Christian traditions the second Bishop of Jerusalem, succeeding James, brother of Jesus. Simeon is sometimes identified with Simon, brother of Jesus, and has also been identified with the Apostle Simon the Zealot.
Tobias is the transliteration of the Greek Τωβίας which is a translation of the Hebrew biblical name טוֹבִיה, Toviyah, 'God is good'. With the biblical Book of Tobias being present in the Deuterocanon/Apocrypha of the Bible, Tobias is a popular male given name for both Christians and Jews in English-speaking countries, German-speaking countries, the Low Countries, and Scandinavian countries. In English-speaking countries, it is often shortened to Toby. In German, this name appears as Tobias or Tobi; in French as Tobie; and in Swedish as Tobias or Tobbe. Tobias has also been a surname.
Jerusalem's role in first-century Christianity, during the ministry of Jesus and the Apostolic Age, as recorded in the New Testament, gives it great importance. Jerusalem is generally considered the cradle of Christianity.
Saint Zacchaeus of Jerusalem is a 2nd-century Christian saint venerated by the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Also known also Zacharias, he was the fourth Bishop of Jerusalem. His feast day is August 23.
Saint Matthias of Jerusalem was a 2nd-century Christian saint and a Bishop of Jerusalem, whose episcopacy was about 113–120 AD.
The Church's Ministry Among Jewish People (CMJ) is an Anglican missionary society founded in 1809.
Christianity in the 1st century covers the formative history of Christianity from the start of the ministry of Jesus to the death of the last of the Twelve Apostles and is thus also known as the Apostolic Age. Early Christianity developed out of the eschatological ministry of Jesus. Subsequent to Jesus' death, his earliest followers formed an apocalyptic messianic Jewish sect during the late Second Temple period of the 1st century. Initially believing that Jesus' resurrection was the start of the end time, their beliefs soon changed in the expected Second Coming of Jesus and the start of God's Kingdom at a later point in time.
Early Christianity spread from the Levant, across the Roman Empire, and beyond. Originally, this progression was closely connected to already established Jewish centers in the Holy Land and the Jewish diaspora. The first followers of Christianity were Jews or proselytes, commonly referred to as Jewish Christians and God-fearers.
Benjamin I of Jerusalem was the 2nd-century 6th bishop of Jerusalem. According to Eusebius of Caesarea he was a Jewish Christian. His short episcopacy was only from about 116 to 117 AD. He was possibly killed in the persecution of Hadrian (117–138), His Feast Day was December 11.
Philip Bishop of Jerusalem, was a 2nd-century Jewish Christian leader and Bishop of Jerusalem, whose episcopacy was about 120-124AD.
John I of Jerusalem was the seventh Bishop of Jerusalem.
Justus II of Jerusalem was a 2nd-century Jewish Christian bishop of Jerusalem.
Levis of Jerusalem was a 2nd-century Jewish Christian bishop of Jerusalem.
Ephram of Jerusalem was a 2nd-century Jewish Christian bishop of Jerusalem.
Joseph I of Jerusalem was a 2nd-century Jewish Christian bishop of Jerusalem.
Senecas of Jerusalem was a 2nd century Jewish Christian bishop of Jerusalem.
This is a list of the bishops of Jerusalem before the Council of Chalcedon (451), which provoked a schism.
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